2014年職稱英語(衛(wèi)生類)教材概括大意文章及譯文12

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　　衛(wèi)生類-概括大意　

　　Ginseng Shows Benefit in Cancer Treatment

　　1. Flaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men, while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel, US researchers reported on Saturday in two of the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine1.

　　2. The studies reflect doctors’ efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help. 2 Americans spend between $ 36 billion and $47 billion a year on complementary and alternative therapies, according to the National Center for Health Statistics3. “Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harmt4” said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinica Oncology5.

　　3. In the flaxseed study, researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated the seed’s role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer. “The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,”said Dr. Nancy Davidson, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO. “I think this is fascinating.” Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and lignins, a fiber found on the seed coat. “We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile,” said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, a researcher in Duke’s School of Nursing, who led the study.

　　4. Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of flaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days. Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet. After the surgery, the researchers looked at the men’s tumor cells to see how quickly the cancer had multiplied. The cancer ceils in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group6.

　　5. But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed. “It’s a healthy food. It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we can not definitively say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,” she said, adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.

　　6. In the ginseng trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues tested three different doses of the herb on patients with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-rug dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg dose said their fatigue symptoms were “moderately better” or “much better.” Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dose reported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group. Patients in the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency. It was powdered and given in a capsule form. “I wouldn’t have predicted this, I have to admit,” Davidson said in an interview. “We might want to test this on a large scale7.”

　　7. The flaxseed study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.

　　詞匯：

　　ginseng 人參 flaxseed 亞麻籽

　　prostate 前列腺的 tumo(u)r 腫瘤

　　rigorous 嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)密地，精密的 complementary 補(bǔ)充的

　　therapy 療法，治療 compound 混合物;化合物;復(fù)合物

　　panel 小組;小組討論;小組委員會

　　oncology 腫瘤學(xué) oncologist 腫瘤學(xué)家

　　president-elect 當(dāng)選(尚未就職的)總統(tǒng)、主席

　　lignin 木素，木質(zhì)素 nutrient 營養(yǎng)的;營養(yǎng)物

　　profile 側(cè)面，輪廓 prescribe 開處方

　　biber 纖維 protective 保護(hù)性的

　　dose (一次)劑量 placebo 安慰劑，安慰劑治療

　　fatigue 疲勞 potency 藥物的效能和效力

　　symptom 癥狀 capsule 膠囊

　　注釋：

　　1.two of the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine：兩份最重要的嚴(yán)格對替代藥物的科學(xué)觀察報(bào)告。這里first不是數(shù)詞，而是形容詞，意為“最重要的，第一流的”‘而medicine當(dāng)“藥物”解時，指的是“內(nèi)服藥物”。

　　2.The studies reflect doctors’ efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help這些研究反映了醫(yī)生想努力去探究病人平時所食用的食物和添加劑有些什么利弊，然而醫(yī)生們想要幫助他們卻拿不出多少科學(xué)根據(jù)。本句中with little scientific proof they help是patients的定于從句，省略了關(guān)系代詞whom;they指醫(yī)生;with的介詞短語中要特別注意little這個詞，它單獨(dú)使用時是個否定詞，等于not much(a littel則是肯定詞，等于some)。

　　3.National Center for Health Statistics(NCHS)：全國衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計(jì)中心

　　4.do sb good/harm：給(某人)帶來好處/害處

　　5.American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO)：美國臨床腫瘤學(xué)會

　　6.control group ：對照組，參照組

　　7.on a large scale：大規(guī)模地

　　8.National Insitutes of Health(NIH)：國立衛(wèi)生研究院

　　9.US Public Health Service(USPHS)：美國公共衛(wèi)生署

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. Paragraph 2______.

　　2. Paragraph 4______.

　　3. Paragraph 5______.

　　4. Paragraph 6______.

　　A The Motivation of Flaxseed Study

　　B The Study on Ginseng Displays Its Good Promise

　　C The Doctors' Responsibility Led Them to Carry Out These Two Studies

　　D Ginseng Is As Good to Cancer Patients As Flax seed

　　E The Methods and Results of the Study on Flax- seed

　　F A different opinion on the use of flaxseed

　　5. Doctors in the US wanted to know______.

　　6. Both studies on flaxseed and ginseng show______.

　　7. It is the unique nutrient profile of flaxseed______.

　　8. In the ginseng trial the researchers tested the potency of ginseng______.

　　A that led the researchers in Duke's School of Nursing to study it

　　B by giving different doses of the herb to patients with different cancers

　　C whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or not

　　D though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicines

　　E that either of them is beneficial to cancer patients

　　F because we still have to see if flaxseed can prvent prosate caancer

　　答案與題解：

　　1.C 本段第一句及最后一句說得很清楚，醫(yī)生必須了解病人所吃的東西究竟有益還是有害。

　　2.E 本段第一、二句是研究方法，而第三、四句則是研究結(jié)果。

　　3.F 此段說到，有一位醫(yī)生不愿意將亞麻籽作為藥物開在處方里，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為目前還需要繼續(xù)研究，看看它是否能預(yù)防前列腺癌，盡管他也承認(rèn)亞麻籽是健康食品。

　　4.B 本段第二句說到，服用1000毫克劑量的病人中，25%的人的疲勞癥狀有中度改善，而服用2000毫克的病人中，27%的人的疲勞癥狀大大改善，可見人參有很好的前景。

　　5.C 本題答案來源于第二段第一句及最后一句。

　　6.E 本題答案根據(jù)是第四段最后一句及第六段第二句。

　　7.A 本題答案在第三段最后一句。

　　8.B 本題答案來源于第六段第一句。

　　譯文：人參有利于癌癥治療

　　美國研究人員在星期六發(fā)表了兩份最重要的、嚴(yán)格的對替代藥物的科學(xué) 觀察報(bào)告。報(bào)告指出：亞麻籽可以減緩男性前列腺腫瘤的生長，而人參則能緩解癌癥患者常見的疲勞狀態(tài)。

　　這些研究反映了醫(yī)生想要努力去探究病人平時所食用的食物和添加劑有些什么利弊，然而醫(yī)生們要想幫助他們卻拿不出多少科學(xué)根據(jù)。根據(jù)全國衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計(jì)中心的數(shù)據(jù)，美國人一年在補(bǔ)充治療和替代療法上的花費(fèi)大約是360億到470億美元。在一次由美國臨床腫瘤學(xué)會舉辦的會議上，來自華盛頓的喬治城大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院的Bruce Cheson博士(他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的小組研究替代療法)說：“患者們正在服用這些復(fù)合物，但是我們要弄清這些療法的利弊。”

　　在對亞麻籽的研究中，來自北卡羅來納州杜克大學(xué)醫(yī)療中心的研究人員和他們的同行，評估了亞麻籽作為食品添加劑對將要動前列腺手術(shù)的病人的影響。來自位于巴爾的摩的約翰?霍普金斯大學(xué)的腫瘤學(xué)家，美國臨床腫瘤學(xué)會主席Nancy Davidson說：“那些服用亞麻籽的病人病情減輕了，我覺得這很棒?！眮喡樽迅缓瑆-3脂肪酸，種皮含有木質(zhì)素。在杜克大學(xué)護(hù)理學(xué)院主持這項(xiàng)研究的Wendy Demark Wwahnefried說：“我們研究亞麻籽是因?yàn)樗?dú)特的營養(yǎng)價值?！?/P>

　　在研究過程中，一般男性研究對象在大約30天的日常飲食中每天增加了30可的亞麻籽。這些人中有一半人還采用了低脂的日常飲食。在手術(shù)之后，研究人員檢測他們的腫瘤細(xì)胞以確定癌細(xì)胞擴(kuò)散的速度。兩組服用亞麻籽的小組和對照組相比，他們癌細(xì)胞的擴(kuò)散放緩了30%~40%。

　　但是Wendy Demark Wwahnefried并沒有準(zhǔn)備把亞麻籽當(dāng)作處方開給 病人 。她說：“這是健康食品。它含有多種維生素和纖維。但是我們不能斷言病人這個階段服用亞麻籽能抗前列腺癌?！彼a(bǔ)充說，亞麻籽能不能預(yù)防前列腺癌還有待研究。

　　在人參的試驗(yàn)中，來自位于明尼蘇達(dá)羅切斯特市梅育醫(yī)學(xué)院的Debra Barton和她的同事對預(yù)期能存活至少6個月的不同癌癥患者試用了3種不同劑量的藥草。服用1000毫克劑量的病人中，25%的人的疲勞癥狀有“中度改善”，而服用2000毫克的病人中，27%的人的疲勞癥狀有“大大改善”。服用750毫克的病人中，只用10%的人疲勞癥狀有所改善，這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)和服用安慰劑治療的病人一樣。參加試驗(yàn)的病人采用的是產(chǎn)自威斯康星州的同一茬西洋參，這樣做是為了符合試驗(yàn)的統(tǒng)一有效性。西洋參要先被磨成粉，然后做成膠囊發(fā)放給病人。Bruce Cheson在一次采訪中說：“我得承認(rèn)，我沒有預(yù)測到會有這樣的結(jié)果。我們可能會再進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的試用?！?/P>

　　國立衛(wèi)生研究院資助了亞麻籽的研究，而人參的研究則是由美國公關(guān)衛(wèi)生署撥款支持的。

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