2014年職稱英語(理工類)教材閱讀理解文章及譯文13

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　　Invisibility Ring

　　Scientists can’t yet make an invisibility cloak1 like the one that Harry Potter2 uses.But，for the first time，they’ve constructed a simple cloaking device that makes itself and somethingplaced inside it invisible to microwaves.

　　When a person “sees” an object，his or her eye senses many different waves of visiblelight as they bounce off the object.The eye and brain then work together to organize thesesensations and reconstruct the object’s original shape. So，to make an object invisible，scientists have to keep waves from bouncing off it.And they have to make sure the objectcasts no shadow.Otherwise，the absence of reflected light on one side would give the obiectaway.

　　Invisibility isn’t possible yet with waves of light that the human eye can see.But it is nowpossible with microwaves.Like visible light，microwaves are a form of radiant energy.Theyare part of the electromagnetic spectrum，which also includes radio waves，infrared light，ultraviolet rays，X rays，and gamma rays.The wavelengths of microwaves are shorter thanthose of radio waves but longer than those of visible light.

　　The scientists’ new “invisibility device” is the size of a drink coaster and shaped like aring.The ring is made of a special material with unusual ability.When microwaves strike thering，very few bounce off it.Instead，they pass through the ring，which bends the waves allthe way around until they reach the opposite side.The waves then return to their originalpaths.

　　To a detector set up to receive microwaves on the other side of the ring，it looks as if thewaves never changed their paths as if there were no object in the way! So，the ring is effectively invisible.

　　When the researchers put a small cdpper loop inside the ring，it，too，is nearly invisible. However，the cloaking device and anything inside it do cast a pale shadow.And the deviceworks only for microwaves，not for visible light or any kind of electromagnetic radiation.So，Harry Potter’s invisibility cloak doesn’t have any real competition yet.

　　詞匯：

　　invisibility.看不見，無形 spectrum/光譜

　　cloak 斗篷，披風(fēng) infrared 紅外線的

　　microwave 微波 ultraviolet ray 紫外線

　　reconstruct 重建 gamma ray 伽馬射線

　　radiant/ 輻射的 wavelength/ 波長(zhǎng)

　　electromagnetic 電磁的 coaster/托盤，墊子

　　注釋：

　　1.an invisibility cloak：見注釋2.本文題目Invisibility Ring 即模仿invisibility cloak構(gòu)成。

　　2.Harry Potter：Harry Potter是英國(guó)女作家J.K Rowling魔幻系列小說筆下的男主人公，在故事中，他的父親留給他一件隱身衣，即invisibility cloak。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage，because scientists

　　A can now make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.

　　B try to make an invisible cloak of the same kind as he uses.

　　C try to invent a device Similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses.

　　D know that it is possible to make an invisible cloak of the same kind.

　　2.What is true of microwaves?

　　A Their wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light.

　　B Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light.

　　C They are different from visible light as they are a kind of radiant energy.

　　D They are visible to the human eye.

　　3.What is NOT true of the invisibility device?

　　A It is made of a special material with unusual ability.

　　B Microwaves bounce off it when they strike it.

　　C Microwaves pass through it when they strike it.

　　D It bends the microwaves all the way around until they reach the opposite side.

　　4.What does the word “coaster” mean in the passage?

　　A A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top.

　　B A vessel engaged in coastal trade.

　　C A roller coaster.

　　D A resident of a coastal area.

　　5.Harry Potter’s invisibility cloak doesn’t have any real competition yet，because

　　A scientists have not found out how his cloak works.

　　B the cloaking device is a total failure.

　　C the cloaking device works only for microwaves.

　　D the cloaking device works only for visible light.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.C 文章的第一段告訴我們，科學(xué)家還沒有發(fā)明哈里?波特使用的那種隱身衣，所以不能選 A;該段還告訴我們，科學(xué)家已制造了，一種裝置，這種裝置能使自身或置于其中的物體不被微波發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以C是正確選擇，也就是說，科學(xué)家發(fā)明的隱形裝置和哈里波特的隱身衣僅僅在概念上相同，這同時(shí)說明B和D是錯(cuò)誤的選擇。

　　2.B 第三段最后一句中告訴我們，A是錯(cuò)誤選擇，B是正確選擇。該段第三句說，微波與可見光一樣都是一種輻射能，所以C的說法是錯(cuò)誤的，不能選擇;根據(jù)該段第一句：with wavesof light that the human eye can see和第三句：Like visible light，可以得知D是錯(cuò)誤的說法，也不能選擇。

　　3.B 第四段第三句說，當(dāng)微波到達(dá)裝置表面時(shí)，very few bounce off。very few是幾乎沒有的意思，所以選擇B。其他選擇所述內(nèi)容都可以很容易在該段中找到。

　　4.A 第四段第一句告訴我們，科學(xué)家的這個(gè)隱形裝置和一個(gè)杯墊差不多大小，所以A是正確選擇。coaster是一個(gè)多義詞，其他幾個(gè)選擇是該詞的其他意思，B：從事沿海貿(mào)易的船;C：過山車，摩天輪;D：海岸地區(qū)居民。

　　5.C A句在短文中沒有提到;按文章的內(nèi)容B不是正確的說法;文章最后一段說，And thedevice works only for microwaves，not forvisible light，所以C是正確選擇。

　　譯文：隱形環(huán)

　　到目前為止，科學(xué)家還不能造出哈利;波特使用過的隱身斗篷。但是他們率先研制出了一種與其類似的裝置，這種裝置能使自身和置于其中的物體不受微波的探測(cè)。

　　當(dāng)一個(gè)人“看”某物體時(shí)，他的眼睛就會(huì)感知到從那個(gè)物體反射過來的光波。眼睛和大腦一同工作，編輯這些光感并重建其原貌。所以，如果要讓一個(gè)物體隱形，科學(xué)家們就必須阻止光波反射。并且他們得確保此物體沒有陰影。否則，反射光的缺失會(huì)使物體顯現(xiàn)。

　　鑒于人眼對(duì)光波的感知性，要想隱形某物體很難做到，但對(duì)微波就可以做到。如同可見光，微波是一種輻射能。他們是電磁波譜的一部分，其中也包括無線電波、紅外線光、紫外線、x射線和伽馬射線。微波的波長(zhǎng)比無線電波短，但比可見光長(zhǎng)。

　　科學(xué)家研制出的這種新型隱身裝置和杯墊一般大小，形狀像個(gè)環(huán)。由于它是特殊材料制成，因此具有非同尋常的功能。當(dāng)微波射向它時(shí)，僅有極少的光會(huì)反射回去，這些光會(huì)從一端穿過這個(gè)環(huán)，并在此過程中沿著彎曲的路線前進(jìn)，直到抵達(dá)另一端。最后光波回到原來的路線。

　　對(duì)于在環(huán)的另一端放置的探測(cè)器來說，光波看上去就像從來沒有改變過路徑一樣，即好像沒有遇到障礙物。這樣一來，這個(gè)環(huán)就如同沒有存在過。

　　研究者又將一個(gè)銅線圈放進(jìn)環(huán)里，依然得到同樣的結(jié)果。不過，這個(gè)環(huán)和里面的東西還是會(huì)留下一點(diǎn)影子。環(huán)形隱身器只能作用于微波，而不能作用于可見光及電磁波。因此，哈里，波特的隱形斗篷目前還沒有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。

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