職稱英語考試歷年真題原文：2012年閱讀理解(綜合C)

　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第31-45題，每題3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　第一篇 From Ponzi to Madoff

　　The year was l920.The country was the United States of America.The man’s name was Charles Ponzi.Ponzi told people to stop depositing money in a savings account.Instead，they should give it to him to save for them.Ponzi promised to pay them more than the bank.For example，a savings account

　　might pay you$5 a year for every$100 you deposit.Ponzi，however，would pay you$40 a year for every$100 you gave him to hold.Many people thought this was a good plan.They began to give their money to Ponzi.

　　How could Ponzi make so much money for people'? This is what he did with the money people gavc him：He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money.However，he also kept a lot of ttle money for himself.Soon he had $250 million.This was a kind of theft，and it was against the law.The people who gave him their money didn’t think anything was wron9.Ponzi paid thcm every month，just like a bank.Ponzi continued this way of working for two years.Then one day，he didn’t have enough money to pay all the people.They discovered his crime，and he went to prison for fraud.

　　Ninety years later，people began to hear about a businessman in New York named Bernard Mad off.People said he gave good advice about money.They said when they gave him their money，he paid them a lot more than the bank.Madoff helped hospitals，schools，and individuals earn money.Over a period of 40 years，people gave him $170 billion.However，no one investigated what he did with the money.The people who gave Mad off their money also didn’t think anything was wrong because he paid them every month.

　　One day，Mad off didn’t have enough money to pay all the people he needed to pay.That’s when people discovered how Mad off worked：He was taking money from some people to pay other people，just the wav Charles Ponzi did.However，this time，instead of losing millions of dollars，people lost billions.

　　Mad off was accused of fraud，and United States government officials arrested him.He didn’t have to go on trial because he said he was guilty.In 2009，a judge sentenced him to 150 years in prison.Bernard Mad off’s crime was even bigger than Ponzi’s.It was the biggest fraud in history.The lesson of this story is clear：When something seems too good to be true，it probably is!

　　31.For every$100，Ponzi promised to pay people__________.

　　A.$5 a year.

　　B.$20 a year.

　　C.$40 a year.

　　D.$100 a year.

　　32.What did Ponzi do with the money people gave him?

　　A.He spent it all on things for himself.

　　B.He used some of it to pay other people.

　　C.He deposited it all in a bank.

　　D.He kept it all to save for a good plan.

　　33.What was Ponzi’s crime?

　　A.He robbed the banks of millions of dollars.

　　B.He gave people more than the bank did.

　　C.He kept a lot of other people’s money for himself.

　　D.He did not pay people their interests.

　　34.How long did Mad offs tricks last?

　　A.Forty years.B.Four year.

　　C.Nine years.D.Ninety years.

　　35.Why didn’t Mad off have to go on trial?

　　A.The officials couldn’t find any evidence against him.

　　B.He had friends in the government who helped him.

　　C.He admitted he was guilty.

　　D.He returned all the illegal money.

　　第二篇Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)

　　Puerto Rico，a Caribbean(加勒比海區(qū))island rich in history and remarkable nalural beauty，has a cuisine aIf its own.Immigration(移民)to the island has helped to shape its cuisine，with people from all over the world making various contributions to it.However，before the arrival of these immigrants，the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Ric0.Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents(嚙齒動物)，fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.

　　Manv aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking，but it has been heavily in fluenced bv the Spanish，who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508，and Africans，who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves.Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes.The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle，pigs，goats，and sheed to the island.Africans also added to the island’s food culture by introducing powerful，contrasting tasits in dishes.In fact，much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for coffee，coconuts，and oranges was actually imported by foreigners to the island.

　　A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的).It’s true that chili peppers are popular;aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy.However，milder(微辣的)tastes are popular t00，such as sofrito.As the base of manv Puerto Rican dishes，sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions，green bell peppers，sweet chill peppers，and a handful of other spices.It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.

　　36 Who lived in Puerto Rico first?

　　A.The Africans.

　　B.The Spanish.

　　C.The Americans.

　　D.The Taino people.

　　3 7.In the first paragraph the word“it”refers to__________.

　　A.immigration

　　B.Caribbean history

　　C.the island’s natural beauty

　　D.Puerto Rican cuisine

　　38.What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

　　A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking.

　　B.Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican.

　　C.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences.

　　D.African foods have probably had the most influence.

　　39.How is sofrito used?

　　A.It is eaten before meals.

　　B.It is added to other dishes.

　　C.It is used where foods are too spicy.

　　D.It iS eaten as a main dish.

　　40.Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A.Softito is a type of extremely spicy food.

　　B.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicv.

　　C.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers.

　　D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper.

　　第三篇The Changing Middle Class

　　The United States perceives itself to be a middle―class nation.However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges(特權(quán)).It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II.The economy was growin9;more and more people owned their own homes;workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them;and nearly，everyone who wanted a higher education could have one.Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility.They may have started out poor，but they could become rich.Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility.In other words，they found themselves moving to and hving in a variety of places.

　　The middle class collectively holds several values and principles.One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one’s own economic fate.In addition，middle class morality(道德觀)embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of faraily，obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself.

　　But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success.A U.S.News &World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet.Both spouses flow worked，as did some of the children;long commutes became routine;the need for child care put strains On the family;and public schools were not as good as they once were.Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat.The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.

　　41.This passage gives information about__________.

　　A.a social and economic group

　　B.an individual

　　C.a political organization

　　D.a government department

　　42.In the years after World War II the middle class were__________.

　　A.over burdened and in debt

　　B.hard working and doubtful

　　C.happy and full of hope.

　　D.young and upset

　　43.One important middle―class value is that__________.

　　A.people should always have fun

　　B.children should believe in themselves

　　C.debt is nothing to worry about

　　D.they should earn enough to finance their lifestyles

　　44.In the second paragraph，the word“collectively”means__________.

　　A.hesitatingly

　　B.unknowingly

　　C.weakly

　　D.commonly

　　45.The 1994 survey showed most Americans thought the middle class__________.

　　A，took pleasure in raising children

　　B.had a regular journey to work

　　C.could not earn enough money to maintain their lifestyles

　　D.could easily maintain their lifestyles

　　第4部分：閱讀理解

　　第一篇

　　31.C【解析】題意：龐齊承諾每l00美元一年給人們多少收益?

　　題中的關(guān)鍵字是$100，回原文查找，很容易找到第一段倒數(shù)第三、四句For example，a savings account might pay you$5 fl year for every$100 you deposit.Ponzi，however，would pay you$40 a year for every$100 you gave him to hold這說明100元存銀行只有5元的收益，但是龐齊卻給40元的收益。所以本題選C。

　　32.B【解析】句意：當(dāng)人們把錢給龐齊的時候他是怎么做的?

　　關(guān)于龐齊如何處置別人給他的錢，文章第二段中第二句This is what he did with the money people gave him：He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money他把錢給另外給他錢的人。這也就是我們常說的拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。所以本題選8。

　　33.D 【解析】句意：龐齊犯了什么罪?

　　本題的關(guān)鍵字是crime，在文章第二段找到相關(guān)句為本段最后一句They discovered his crime，and he went to prison for Jraud從中我們可以看到，他是因?yàn)樵p騙入獄的。四個選項(xiàng)中D項(xiàng)他沒有給人們支付利息屬于詐騙，所以本題選D。

　　34.A【解析】句意：麥道夫的騙局持續(xù)了多長時間?

　　文中關(guān)于年的語句很多，要仔細(xì)甄別。文章從第三段開始講述關(guān)于麥道夫的故事。第三段第五句0ver a period of 40 years，people gave him$170 billion與題干相呼應(yīng)，即在超過40年的時間里，人們拱手給他送上1700億乏元。所以本題選A。

　　35.C【解析】句意：為什么麥道夫沒有必要出庭受審?

　　文中最后一段第二句He didn’t have to go on trial because he said he was guilty表明他沒有被審判是因?yàn)樗哉J(rèn)有罪。所以本題選C。

　　第二篇

　　36.D【解析】題意：最初住在波多黎各的是什么人?

　　第一段第三句before the arrival of these immigrants，the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico說明，在移民進(jìn)入之前，泰諾人住在波多黎各。所以D項(xiàng)是對的。

　　37.D【解析】題意：在第一段中單詞“it”指的是什么?

　　在第一段中找到il所在的句子為Immigration to the island has helped to shape its cuisine，with people from all over the world making various contributions to it從此句可以看出，it指代的是上半句的cuisine(菜肴)。所以選D。

　　38.C【解析】題意：第二段主要講的是什么?

　　第二段最后一句是對全段的總結(jié)：much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous…was actually im― ported by foreigners tt-the island可見波多黎各菜肴是受眾多外國移民的影響。所以C項(xiàng)是正確的。

　　39.B【解析】題意：sofrit0是用來做什么的?

　　到文中最后一段找到關(guān)于的sofrit0敘述，本段末兩句As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes， sofrito is a sauce…，可知sofrit0是波多黎各菜肴的基本材料，是一種澆在其它菜上的醬。所以B項(xiàng)It is added to other dishes是對的，故選8。

　　40.A[解析】題意：下列哪個是不正確的?

　　四個選項(xiàng)都是圍繞著辣的話題，這些在最后一段都能找到答案。由本段第三句However，milder tastes are popular too，such as sofrito可知sofrito是微辣的，但項(xiàng)A中說sofrito是極辣的，顯然不正確，故選A。

　　第三篇

　　41.A【解析】題意：本文提供了關(guān)于……的信息。

　　全文都在講美國的中產(chǎn)階級，所以本題的關(guān)鍵詞是middle class，對于中產(chǎn)階級，它既不是一個獨(dú)立個體(B項(xiàng))，也不是一個政治組織(C項(xiàng))，更不是一個政府部門(D項(xiàng))，它是一個社會經(jīng)濟(jì)群體。所以本題選A。

　　42.C【解析】題意：二戰(zhàn)后，中產(chǎn)階級……

　　關(guān)于二戰(zhàn)后的講述，集中在第一段。由本段后半部分可知，在這段時期，中產(chǎn)階級的工作穩(wěn)定，教育環(huán)境優(yōu)良。所以備選項(xiàng)中負(fù)擔(dān)沉重、工作困苦、年輕沮喪等說法都不正確，因此本題要選擇C，中產(chǎn)階級 。

　　43.D【解析】題意：中產(chǎn)階級所持有的一個重要的價(jià)值觀是……

　　根據(jù)第二段第二句0ne strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can deter- mine one's own economic fale可知中產(chǎn)階級一個重要的價(jià)值觀是要賺夠錢，能達(dá)到自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)需求。所以本題選D。

　　44.D【解析】題意：第二段中“collectively”一詞的意思是……

　　文中第二段第一句The middle class collectively holds several values and principles含有此詞，本句意思是中產(chǎn)階級共同持有一些價(jià)值觀和原則。collectively是共同地、集體地意思。與commonly是同義詞。全文將中產(chǎn)階級作為一個整體來描述，當(dāng)談及中產(chǎn)階級的價(jià)值觀時，很明顯是全體共有的，因此即使不知此詞具體含義，也可以猜測出其大意，故本題選D。

　　45.C【解析】題意：1994年的調(diào)查顯示很多美國人認(rèn)為中產(chǎn)階級……

　　文章最后一段講述20世紀(jì)90年代中產(chǎn)階級的景況。根據(jù)本段第二句…75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet，可知75%的美國人覺得中產(chǎn)階級入不敷出。make ends meet為“收支相抵，量入為出”。本段倒數(shù)第二句Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat也表明中產(chǎn)階級已不能有力地維持其以往的生活方式.而要靠貸款來維持。所以本題中C項(xiàng)的說法是正確的。

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