職稱英語考試歷年真題原文：2012年閱讀理解(綜合B)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

　　第一篇Oseola McCarty

　　Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999，Oseola McCarty，an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life.It mav seem like an ordinary end to a humble life，but there was something quite exceptional about this woman.

　　In the summer of 1995，McCarty gave$1 50，000，most of the money she had saved throughout her life，to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.The money was to help other African Americans through university.She had started her savings habit as a young child when she would

　　return from school to clean and iron for money which she would then save.

　　She led a simple，frugal existence，never spending on anything but her most basic needs.Her bank also advised her on investing her hard―earned savings.

　　When she retired，she decided that she wanted to use the money to give children of limited means the opportunity to go to university.She had wanted to become a nurse，but had to leave school to look after ill relatives and work.When asked why she had given her life savings away，she replied，“I’m giving it away so that children won’t have to work so hard，like I did.”After news of her donation hit the media，over 600 donations were made to the scholarship fund.One was given by media executive，Ted Turner，who reputedly gave a billion dollars.She didn’t want any fuss made over her gift，but the news got out and she was invited all over the United States to talk to people.Wherever she went，people would come up to her to say a few words or to just touch her.She met the ordinary and the famous，President Clinton included.In the last few years of her life，before she died of cancer，McCarty was given over 300 awards：she was honoured by the United Nations and received the Presidential Citizen’s Medal.Despite having no real education，she found herself with two honorary doctorates：one from the University of Southern Mississippi and the other from Harvard University.Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and proof that true selflessness does exist.

　　31.This woman shocked and inspired the world because__________.

　　A.she had managed to save so much money

　　B.she gave her money to African Americans

　　C.she gave her life savings to help others through university

　　D.she only spent money on cheap things

　　32.She managed to save so much money because__________.

　　A.she had ironed and washed clothes all her life

　　B.she had worked hard，saved hard and invested carefully

　　C.she had opened a good bank account

　　D.she knew how to make money

　　33.She gave her money away because__________.

　　A.she wanted to help the university

　　B.she wanted others to have the chance to become nurses

　　C.she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard life

　　D.she want to be remembered after her death

　　34.When her generosity was made__________.

　　A.people donated billions

　　B.hundreds of students got scholarships

　　C.hundreds of people put money into the fund

　　D.she was sent to university

　　35.Marcarty’s generosity indicates clearly that__________.

　　A.scholarship funds are popular in US

　　B.kind-hearted people deserves doctorates

　　C.selflessness exists in human society

　　D.poor people can donate as much as rich people

　　D.poor people can donate as much as rich people

　　第二篇From Ponzi to Madoff

　　The year was 1920.The country was the United States of America.The man’s name was Charles Ponzi.Ponzi told people to stop depositing money in a savings account.Instead，they should give it to him to save for them.Ponzi promised to pay them more than the bank.For example，a savings account might pay you$5 a year for every$1 00 you deposit.Ponzi，however，would pay you $40 a year for every $1 00 you gave him to hold.Many people thought this was a good plan.They began to give their money to Ponzi.

　　How could Ponzi make so much money for people? This is what he did with the money people gave him：He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money.However，he also kept a lot of the money for himself.Soon he had $250 million.This was a kind of theft，and it was against the law.The people who gave him their money didn’t think anything was wrong.Ponzi paid them every month，just like a bank.Ponzi continued this way of working for two years.Then one day，

　　he didn’t have enough money to pay all the people.They discovered his crime，and he went to prison for froud.

　　Ninety years later，people began to hear about a businessman in New York named Bernard Mad off.People said he gave good advice about money.They said when they gave him their money，he paid them a lot more than the bank.Mad off helped hospitals，schools，and individuals earn money.Over a period of 40 years，people gave him$1 70 billion.However，no one investigated what he did with the

　　money.The people who gave Mad off their money also didn’t think anything was wrong because he paid them every month.

　　One day，Mad off didn’t have enough money to pay all the people he needed to pay.That’s when people discovered how Madoff worked：He was taking money from some people to pay other people， just the way Charles Ponzi did.However，this time，instead of losing millions of dollars，people lost billions.

　　Madoff was accused of fraud，and United States government officials arrested him.He didn’t have to go on trial because he said he was guilty.In 2009，a judge sentenced him to 150 years in prison.Bernard Madoff’s crime was even bigger than Ponzi’s.It was the biggest fraud in history.The lesson of this story is clear：When something seems too good to be true，it probably is !

　　36.For every$100 Ponzi promises to pay people__________.

　　A.$5 a year

　　B.$40 a year

　　C.$20 a year

　　D.$100 a year

　　37.What did Ponzi do with the money people gave him?

　　A.He spent it all on things for himself.

　　B.He used some of it to pay other people.

　　C.He deposited it all in a bank.

　　D.He kept it all to save for a good plan.

　　38.What was Ponzi’s crime?

　　A.He kept a lot of other peoples’money for himself__________.

　　B.He robbed the banks of millions of dollars.

　　C.He gave people more than bank allowed.

　　D.He didn’t pay people the interests.

　　39.How long did Mad off’s trick lasts?

　　A.Four years.

　　B.Forty years.

　　C.Nine years.

　　D.Ninety years.

　　40.Why didn’t Mad off have to go on trial?

　　A.He admitted he was guilty.

　　B.The officials couldn’t find any evidence against him.

　　C.He had friends in government who helped him.

　　D.He returned all illegal money.

　　第三篇Gross National Happiness

　　In the last century，new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries.However，one country resisted these changes.High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia，the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate.Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years.Bhutan，however，was a poor country.People died at a young age.Most of its people could not read，and they did not know much about the outside world.Then，in 1972，a Dew ruier named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas.He saw that most countries measured tnmrprogress by their Gross National Product(GNP).The GNP measures products and money.When the number of Droducts sold increases people say the country is making progress.King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan.He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness.If the people’s happiness increased，the king could say that Bhutan was making progress.To decide if people were happier，he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GN H).

　　GN H is based on certain principles that create happiness.People are happier if they have health care.education，and jobs.They are happier when they live in a healthy，protected environment.They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs.Finally，people are happier when they have a good，stable government.

　　Now this is some evidence of increased GN H in Bhutan.People are healthier and are living longer.

　　More people are educated and employed.Twenty―five percent of the land has become national parks，and the country has almost no pollution.The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs.Bhutan has also become a democracy.In 2008，King Wang chuck gave his power to his son.Although the country still had a king，it held its first democratic elections

　　that year.Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time.Finally，Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.

　　Bhutan is a symbol for social progress.Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH.

　　These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.They want to create new policies that take care of their people，cultures，and land.

　　Brazil nlay be the next country to use the principles of GNH.Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration.Brazil is a large country with a diverse population.If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil，perhaps the rest of the world will follow.

　　4 1.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?

　　A.A Dresident.

　　B.A Buddhist priest.

　　C.A general.

　　D.A king.

　　42.Apart from modernizing Bhutan，what else did Wang chuck want to do for Bhutan?

　　A.To make its population grow.

　　B.To keep it separate from the world.

　　C.To encourage its people to get rich.

　　D.To keep its tradition and customs.

　　43.A country shows its progress with GNP by__________.

　　A.selling more products

　　B.spending more money

　　C.spending less money

　　D.providing more jobs

　　44.According to GNH，people are happier if they __________.

　　A.have new technology

　　B.can change their religion

　　C.have a good，stable government

　　D.have more money

　　45.Today，many countries are y__________.

　　A.using the principles of GN H to measure their progress

　　B.working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH

　　C.taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress

　　D.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness

　　第4部分：閱讀理解

　　第一篇

　　31.C【解析】句意：這位震驚并激勵了世界上的人是因為……

　　根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句there was something quite exceptional about this woman可得知這位婦人有著非同尋常之處，由第二段第一、二句In the summer of l995，McCarty gave$150，000，most of the money she had saved throughout her life，to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.The money was to help other African Americans through university可知，這位婦人競積攢了如此一大筆錢并將其捐獻。所以B項“她把錢給非裔美國人”是錯誤的。A項“她積攢了那么多錢”，這并不是她使人震驚和受到激勵的原因，而是她將畢生積蓄捐出這一行為令人佩服，所以C項“她將其畢生積蓄捐給學校來幫助別人”正確。D項“她只買便宜東西”，文中未提及。故選C。

　　32.B【解析】句意：她能攢下這么大筆錢是因為……。

　　根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句和第三段She had started her savings habit as a young child…She led a simple，frugal existence，never spending on anything but her most basic needs.Her bohk aIso advjsed her on investing her hardearned savings可知，她努力工作，努力存錢并謹慎投資。故B項正確。而第二段最后一句提及的是她小時候放學后做清潔和熨衣服賺錢，并沒有提到她一生都在做這種工作，所以 A項錯誤。C項、D項說法都比較模糊不全面。故選B。

　　33.C【解析】句意：她把錢財都捐了是因為……。

　　根據(jù)文章第四段第一、二句…the money to give children of limited means the opportunity to go to university.She had wanted to become a nurse，but had to leave school to look after ill relatives and work和第三句l’m giving it away so that children won’t have to work so hard，like I did可知，她希望別人有機會上大學而不必再像她那樣畢生操勞。所以C項正確。她捐出積蓄是為幫助非裔美國人，而不是幫助大學，故A項錯誤，B項說法文中未提及。由第五段第一句She didn’t want any fuss made over her gift可知，她并不想為自己的捐獻而大驚小怪，博人眼球，所以D項錯誤。故選C。

　　34.C【解析】句意：她的慷慨使人們……

　　根據(jù)文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句After news of her donation hit the media，over 600 donations were made to the scholarship fund可知，受她事跡的感染，超過600人也慷慨解囊捐款，故C項正確。A項、 B項和D項文中未提及。因此本題選C。

　　35.C【解析】句意：Marcarty的慷慨說明……。

　　文章最后一句Her generosity was clearly an inspiration to many and prOof tbat true selflessness does exist明確點出她的慷慨表明真正的無私是存在的，故可判斷C項正確。因此本題選C。

　　第二篇

　　36.B【解析】題意：龐齊承諾每100美元一年給人們多少收益?

　　題中的關(guān)鍵字是$100，回原文查找，很容易找到第一段倒數(shù)第三、四句For example，a savings ac count might pay you$5 a year for every$100 you deposit.Ponzi，however，would pay you$40 a year for every$100you gave him to hold這說明100元存銀行只有5元的收益，但是龐齊卻給40元的收益。所以本題選B。

　　37.B【解析】句意：當人們把錢給龐齊的時候他是怎么做的?

　　關(guān)于龐齊如何處置別人給他的錢，文章第二段中第二句This is what he did with the monev people gave him：He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money他把錢給另外給他錢的人。這也就是我們常說的拆東墻補西墻。所以本題選B。

　　38.D【解析】句意：龐齊犯了什么罪?

　　本題的關(guān)鍵字是crime，在文章第二段找到相關(guān)句為本段最后一句They discovered his crime，and he went to prison for fraud從中我們可以看到，他是因為詐騙入獄的。四個選項中D項他沒有給人們支付利息屬于詐騙，所以本題選D。

　　39.B【解析】句意：麥道夫的騙局持續(xù)了多長時間?

　　文中關(guān)于年的語句很多，要仔細甄別。文章從第三段開始講述關(guān)于麥道夫的故事。第三段第五句 Over a period of 40 years，people gave him$170 billion與題干相呼應(yīng)，即在超過40年的時間里，人們拱手給他送上1700億美元。所以本題選B。

　　40.A【解析】句意：為什么麥道夫沒有必要出庭受審?

　　文中最后一段第二句He didn’t have to go on trial because he said he was guilty表明他沒有被審判是因為他自認有罪。所以本題選A.

　　第三篇

　　41.D【解析】題意：Jigme Singye Wangchuck是誰?

　　根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句…a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern可知，Wangchuck是一位新上任的國王。故選D。

　　42.D【解析】題意：除了使不丹現(xiàn)代化，Wangchuck還希望為不丹做什么?

　　根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句…King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions，說明Wangchuck不希望不丹丟掉其傳統(tǒng)，而第三段第三句 They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs也說明Wangchuck推行的 GNH(國民幸?？傊?政策中，如果能保持傳統(tǒng)文化和風俗則國民會更幸福。故選D。

　　43.A【解析】題意：一個國家進步在GNP中體現(xiàn)為……。

　　根據(jù)文中第二段第三、四句The GNP measures products and money.when the number of products sold increases，people say the country is making progress可知，GNP用商品和金錢來衡量，賣出的商品越多，國家似乎越進步。故選A。

　　44.C【解析】題意：根據(jù)GNH，人民若……會更幸福。

　　文章第三段集中講述GNH，人們更幸福包括they have health care，education，and jobs;they live in a healthy，protected environment;they can keep their traditional culture and customs;they have a good，stable government。由此可知C項正確。

　　45.D【解析】題意：現(xiàn)在，很多國家……。

　　根據(jù)文章第五段第二、三句Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’S GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness可知，很多國家用自己的方式去衡量幸福。故選 D。

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