職稱英語(yǔ)考試歷年真題原文：2011年閱讀理解(理工A)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問(wèn)題，為每題確定一個(gè)最佳答案。

　　第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?

　　Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication―having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.

　　The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.

　　On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (掃描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.

　　What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.

　　As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often

　　31 People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that

　　A they're popular

　　B they're cheap

　　C they're useful

　　D they're convenient

　　32 The world "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by

　　A cured

　　B removed

　　C discovered

　　D caused

　　33 The salesman retired young because

　　A he disliked using mobile phones

　　B he was tired of talking on his mobile phone

　　C he couldn't remember simple tasks

　　D his employer's doctor persuaded him to

　　34 On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies

　　A deny the existence of mobile phone radiation

　　B develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation

　　C try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health

　　D hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about

　　35 The writer's purpose of writing this article is to advise people

　　A to buy mobile phones

　　B to update regular phones

　　C to use mobile phones less often

　　D to stop using mobile phones

　　第二篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others

　　Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.

　　Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized (大力宣傳的) efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, lead investigator on the study.

　　Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.

　　The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.

　　"Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food," said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more tensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. "

　　However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented (發(fā)酵的), milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced.

　　Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.

　　36 John Hayes pointed out that __________.

　　A food with less salt tastes better.

　　B many people never eat low-salt food.

　　C many people make efforts to accept low-salt food.

　　D it is good to health to eat food without salt.

　　37 The fourth paragraph briefly describes______?

　　A why the number of subjects was limited to 87.

　　B why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.

　　C how salty foods were made and distributed to the subjects in the research.

　　D how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do.

　　38 It is true that ________.

　　A nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters.

　　B supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.

　　C nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes.

　　D supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness.

　　39 Supertasters prefer high-salt cheese because ________.

　　A it is good to health.

　　B it tastes less bitter.

　　C it is rich in nutrition.

　　D it has intense bitter tastes.

　　40 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that taste acuity is ________.

　　A genetically determined.

　　B identified with certain chemicals.

　　C developed over time after birth.

　　D related to one's eye and hair color.

　　第三篇 Calculating Crime

　　When you think about math, you probably don't think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals.

　　People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal (揭示) the identity of the criminal. It's long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live, simply because it's easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it.

　　But Mike O'Leary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of an offender's home base by combining these patterns with a city's layout and historical crime records.

　　The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets - that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections (十字路口) are. O'Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal's patterns change with age. (It's been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime.)

　　Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O'Leary's uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.

　　The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. O'Leary says that criminology - the study of crime and criminals - contains a lot of good math problems. "I feel like I'm in a gold mine and I'm the only one who knows what gold looks like," he says. "It's a lot of fun."

　　41 Which of the following statements about math is true?

　　A It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminals.

　　B Few people associate it with finding criminals.

　　C Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes.

　　D it has long been employed in solving crimes.

　　42 People tend to think there is a relationship between

　　A the time of a crime and the age of the criminal.

　　B the type of a crime and the identity of the criminal.

　　C the pattern of a crime and the equipment of the criminal.

　　D the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.

　　43 O'Leary includes all the following information in writing his program EXCEPT

　　A the records of past crimes.

　　B the locations of police bureaus.

　　C the people living in the city.

　　D the change of a criminal's patterns with age.

　　44 O'Leary's program is different from other similar software in that

　　A it is inexpensive.

　　B it uses more math.

　　C it is more user-friendly.

　　D it is available all over the world.

　　45 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that O'Leary

　　A will develop programs for other governmental departments.

　　B is going to use math in looking for gold.

　　C thinks it's interesting to learn math.

　　D will further use math in studying crimes and criminals.

　　第4 部分：閱讀理解

　　31 B 第一段里講到了人們擁有手機(jī)的幾種理由，其中不包括手機(jī)便宜(cheap) 這一條。

　　32 C detect 意為 "覺(jué)察、發(fā)現(xiàn)"，故可用 discover 來(lái)代替。

　　33 C 第三段里把這名推銷員年紀(jì)輕輕就要退休的原因講得十分明白: a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks.

　　34 D 請(qǐng)見(jiàn)第四段里的這句話: Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation，but they say the amount is too small to worry about.它們并不否認(rèn)手機(jī)有輻射，但聲稱輻射量 很小無(wú)需擔(dān)心。

　　35 C 作者建議大家少用手機(jī)，這一點(diǎn)在最后一段里可以清楚地看到。

　　36 C 文章第 2 段提到 John Hayes 指出"盡管對(duì)于許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，并不像別人那樣喜歡吃低鹽食品，但近來(lái)大力的宣傳使得很多人努力接受了低鹽飲食"。選擇 C 符合題意。

　　37 D 第四段主要講述了這項(xiàng)研究如何選取了研究對(duì)象，包括研究對(duì)象的人數(shù)、性別、健 康狀況、口味輕重分級(jí)等。由此可知第四段主要描述的是如何選擇研究對(duì)象以及要求他們做什么。答案為 D。

　　38 B 文章第五段最后一句話"鹽是零食的第一調(diào)味品，至少對(duì)于這些食物，鹽越多越好， 所以口味重的人看起來(lái)更喜歡他們"。選項(xiàng) B 正是這個(gè)意思。其他選項(xiàng)的意思與文章原意不符。

　　39 B 文章第六段最后一句話提到"口味重的人覺(jué)得低鹽的奶酪吃起來(lái)不舒服是因?yàn)檫@種 奶酪苦味太濃"。選項(xiàng) B 符合文章的意思。

　　40 A 文章最后一段話講述了"基因老師認(rèn)為個(gè)人在品嘗一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)時(shí)有不同的感受，并且這種不同如同人的眼睛和頭發(fā)顏色一樣"，本文的觀點(diǎn)是味覺(jué)的敏銳程度是由基因決定的。選項(xiàng) A 符合題意。

　　41 B 文章第一段顯示很少有人用數(shù)學(xué)來(lái)破案，但一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)家做到了。選項(xiàng) B 符合文章的本意。

　　42 D 文章第二段提到 "很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)，人們認(rèn)為罪犯會(huì)在離他居住地近的地方作案"，可 以得知人們傾向于認(rèn)為案件發(fā)生地與罪犯的居住地有聯(lián)系。選項(xiàng) D 符合文章本意。

　　43 B 文章第三段最后一句話提到 Mike O'Leary 的程序中包括對(duì)過(guò)去違法的記錄;文章第四段提到他的程序中還包括居住在這個(gè)城市的人民和不同年齡罪犯的犯罪模式的信息。 文章并沒(méi)有提及他的程序還包括警察局的位置。選擇 B。

　　44 B 文章第六段第一句話提到 Mike O'Leary 的程序與其他軟件的不同之處在于他更多地使用了數(shù)學(xué)。答案 B 符合文章本意。

　　45 D 從文章最后一段話的第二句話 "O'Leary says that criminology 一the study of crime and criminals -contains a lot of good math problems" 可以看出 Mike O'Leary認(rèn)為犯罪學(xué)里包 含著很多好的數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題。并且本段最后一句話也可以看出這位數(shù)學(xué)家對(duì)這種研究犯罪學(xué)的方式非常熱衷。選擇 D。