職稱英語考試歷年真題原文：2011年閱讀理解(理工C)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。

　　第一篇

　　Weaving With Light

　　In the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico，the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did-without electricity.That's because it's too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves，the Huichol create beautiful artwork.They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity-at home or on the road，they can only work during daylight hours. When it gets dark，they must stop whatever they're doing.

　　Now，a team of scientists，designers，and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets.The scientists' technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes，bags，or other items.

　　By collecting the sun's energy during the day，these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light at night.Their inventors have named the fabrics"Portable (輕便的)Lights."Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world，says project leader Sheila Kennedy.

　　"Our invention，"Kennedy says，"came from seeing how we could transform technology we saw every day in the United States and move it into new markets for people who didn't have a lot of money."

　　At the core of Portable Light technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes (高亮度發(fā)光二極管)，or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks，televisions，and streetlights.

　　LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs (燈泡).Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights (白熾燈).Inside，electricity heats a metal coil (線圈)to about 2，200 degrees Celsius.At that temperature，bulbs give off light we can see.

　　Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights，however，is heat-and invisible. With all that wasted energy，bulbs bum out quickly.They are also easily broken.

　　LEDs，on the other hand，are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules (分子)that are arranged in a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through an LED，the crystal structure produces light.Unlike incandescent bulbs，they can produce light of various colors.Within an LED，the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determines what color is produced.

　　31. The Huichol don't use electricity because

　　A. it is too difficult for them to change their lifestyle

　　B. they know nothing about it

　　C. it costs too much to string power lines

　　D. they don't need it

　　32.To make a living，the Huichol create artwork and

　　A.sell it in cities far away from their villages.

　　B.sell it to tourists in their villages.

　　C.display it in their village museum.

　　D.keep it in their homes to attract tourists.

　　33.The central part of the Portable Lights technology is

　　A.Glass Bulbs.

　　B.HB LEDs.

　　C.digital clocks.

　　D.incandescent lights.

　　34. All of the following are disadvantage of incandescent lights EXPECT

　　A. they burn out quickly

　　B. they are easily broken

　　C. they are not bright enough.

　　D. they waste most of the energy produced

　　35.LEDs are different from light bulbs in that

　　A.LEDs can send out light of different colors.

　　B.LEDs are made up of tiny pieces of rock.

　　C.LEDs belong to incandescent lights.

　　D.LEDs look like crystals.

　　第二篇

　　The book of life

　　So far, scientists have named about 1.8 million living species(物種), and that's a just a small part of what probably exists on Earth. With so many plants, animals, and other creatures coveting the planet, it can be tough to figure out what type of spider is moving up your leg or what kind of bird is flying by.

　　A soon-to-be-started Web site might help. An international team of researchers has announced the creation of Web-based Encyclopedia(百科全書)of life(EOL). The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single, easy-to-use reference guide.

　　To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases(數(shù)據庫)that already exist. And eventually, in special sections of the site, nonscientist with specialized(專門的)knowledge will get to join in. Bird-watchers, for example, will be able to input which birds they've seen and where. The technology for this kind of tool has only become available.

　　As the EOL develops, you might find it useful for school projects. The site will feature special pages for kids who are studying ecosystems (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) in their neighborhoods. To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate, scientists will review much of the information added to it. People who visit the site will be able to choose to leave out pages that haven't been reviewed.

　　Another convenient feature of the EOL is that you'll be able to pick the level of detail you want to see to match your interest, age, and knowledge. If you wanted to learn about bears for a science class report, for example, you could use the "novice" setting to get basic information about the animals. On the "expert" setting, on the other hand, you could get much more detailed information about the history, literature, and exploration of bears.

　　It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up that process.

　　36. "Spider" and "bird" mentioned in Paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate

　　A. there are numerous living species on Earth.

　　B. animals are people's friends.

　　C. it is easy to see spiders and birds.

　　D. there are many types of spiders and birds.

　　37. The goal of the creation of the EOL is to

　　A. collect enough data to analyze the living species on Earth.

　　B. enlarge an existing Web site of the living species on Earth.

　　C. add new information to the existing databases of the living species on Earth.

　　D. work out an easy-to-use catalog of every living species on Earth.

　　38. At the starting stage, the EOL will get information from

　　A. all the Web sites available.

　　B. databases built up by its creators.

　　C. the existing scientific databases.

　　D. nonscientists with specialized knowledge.

　　39. The word "novice" in Paragraph 5 could be best replaced by

　　A. scientist.

　　B. creator.

　　C. beginner

　　D. expert.

　　40. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

　　A. Scientist will review every piece of information added to EOL

　　B. The EOL will be beneficial to school kids with its development.

　　C. Scientists have cataloged only a small part of the living species on Earth.

　　D. People with different interests and knowledge will in a way find the EOL useful.

　　第三篇

　　How To Be A Successful Businessman

　　Have you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not? Here's a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 restaurants.

　　Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane.

　　At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for a company that rented cars.

　　While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental (租賃的) company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as cook's assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn't like it," Mr. Kazi says, "but I always did the best I could."

　　One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few months later, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.

　　A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside and food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m., seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of the building, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. If someone had to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.

　　A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. Again, he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit , too.

　　Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn't planning to stop there. He's looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess," Mr. Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up."

　　41. When Mr.Kazi was young, his dreams was to

　　A. sell cars

　　B. own a restaurant

　　C. be an airplane pilot

　　D. because a good cook

　　42. Mr.Kazi decided to word with KFC to

　　A. learn how to cook

　　B. save money for a car

　　C. save money on food

　　D. learn how to run a restaurant

　　43. Mr.Kazi became the manager of a new restaurant because

　　A. his co-workers praised him

　　B. he was a good cook

　　C. he knew how to run a restaurant

　　D. he worked very hard

　　44. To save a failing restaurant, Mr.Kazi did all the following things, EXCEPT to

　　A. advertize for it

　　B. clean it up

　　C. improve the food

　　D. retrain the employees

　　45. In the last paragraph, "it's a mess "means

　　A. it's small

　　B. it's dirty

　　C. it's profitable

　　D. it's cheap

　　第4部分：閱讀理解

　　31 C 文章第一段第二句提到"That's because it's too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live"，說明因為架電線對于墨西哥的維喬人太昂貴了，所以他們沒有使用電。答案為 C。

　　32 A 文章第一段第四句提到 "They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages" ，即"他們將他們的藝術品賣到距村莊幾百里之外的城市"。答案為 A。

　　33 B 文章第四段第一句話提到 "At the core of Portable Lights technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes, or HB LEDs"，所以可知這種移動燈的核心技術是高 亮度發(fā)光二極管，或簡稱 HB LEDs。答案為 B。

　　34 C 文章第五段最后幾句話 "Ninety percent of energy produced by incandescent lights，however, is heat-and invisible. With all that wasted energy, bulbs burn out quickly. They are also easily broken"，說明"白熾燈產生的90% 的能量都是熱量，而熱量是不可見的。 并且由于浪費了很多能量，白熾燈消耗能量的速度很快。另外白熾燈很容易被損壞"。文章沒有提到"燈光亮度不夠"，所以答案為 C。

　　35 A 文章最后一段的第三句話提到"Unlike incandescent bulbs, they can produce light of various colors"，說明"與白熾燈不同，他們可以產生各種各樣的顏色"，所以答案為 A。

　　36 A 文章第一段主要講述的是，科學家只是將地球上少數(shù)的生物物種命名了，還有很多 物種沒有命名。接著作者使用蜘蛛和鳥的例子說明此觀點，以顯示地球上生物種類的繁多。答案為 A。

　　37 D 文章第二段最后一句"The project aims to catalog every species on Earth in a single，easy-to-use reference guide" ，說明"這個項目的目的是提供一個單一的，易于使用的生物 分類參考指南"。答案為D。

　　38 C 文章第三段第一句話"To get the encyclopedia started, the creators will use information from scientific databases (數(shù)據庫) that already exist"，說明"為了建立這個百科全書，創(chuàng)建者要使用現(xiàn)有的科學數(shù)據庫"。答案為 C。

　　39 C novice 的原意是"新手"，并且文中的意思也是"使用新手設置"來得到有關動物的基本信息。答案為C。選項 A 意為"科學家";選項 B 意為"創(chuàng)建者";選項 D 意為"老師"。

　　40 A 文章第四段第三句話"To make sure the encyclopedia is accurate，scientists will review much of the information added to it"，說明"為了保證百科全書的準確性，科學家會復審其中大部分的信息"，而沒有說是"全部的信息"。本題答案為 A。文章在不同的段落提到了其余各選項。

　　41 C 第二段里講得很清楚。

　　42 C 見第四段里的這句話：To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC.

　　43 D 答題依據可見第五段。

　　44 A 在第六、七段里都提到他為挽救一個瀕臨倒閉的飯店所采取的種種措施，其中沒有 做廣告這一項。

　　45 B mess 的意思就是 "一團糟"。