2016年職稱英語考試閱讀理解模擬題

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　　When IBM announced an overhaul of its pension plan for employees in America last week, it joined a parade of employers that are shifting more responsibility for saving for retirement on to workers. For many Americans, of course, this is nothing new: millions of them have been managing their retirement assets in individual accounts for years. Nevertheless, in both America and Britain the closure of paternalistic(家長式作風(fēng)的，感情主義的) corporate "defined benefit" programmes, in which pensions depend on earnings and years of service, is accelerating—even at healthy companies such as IBM.

　　To the extent that this creates and encourages individual choice and responsibility, it is something to welcome rather than to fear. Many other countries, facing huge state—pension obligations, would also like to see their citizens assume a bigger role in providing for their own retirement. Even so, the trend raises an important question: how much do people due to take on these new responsibilities know about basic financial concepts?

　　The answer seems to be; not much, and less than they think they do. Studies show that many people overestimate their knowledge of everything from inflation to risk diversification and compound interest. One survey in Australia found that 37% of people who owned investments did not know that they could fluctuate in value. In America 31% did not know that the finance charge on a credit-card-statement is what they pay to use credit. Britain’s Financial Services Authority will release the results of its own survey on financial literacy in the next month or two.

　　Even educated professionals may know the basics but see no need to keep up to date—having no idea of the interest rates on their credit cards, the fees on their mutual funds or how their investments are doing. But in both America and Britain low personal saving rates (negative in America, indeed) and record numbers of personal bankruptcies do not bode well. If people are to take charge of their pensions, shouldn’t they know a little more?

　　In the end, ignorance could rebound on governments: if people save too little for old age, the state may have to provide for them willy-nilly(不管愿意與否). "Governments are taking this very seriously." says Barbara Smith of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which recently produced a report on global financial literacy.Just this week the British govern- ment launched an online debt calculator for overstretched consumers and a money-management course for teenagers that will be offered in schools across the country later this year. New Zealand is another country trying to catch its people young; one official financial—information website there includes an online game on "Money Island".

　　1. It is informed in the text that__________.

　　A. IBM cannot help but overhaul its pension plan

　　B. IBM takes much responsibility for saving for retirement

　　C. workers will assume more financial responsibility for their old age

　　D. most Americans have taken on responsibility for saving for retirement

　　2. Corporate "defined benefit" programmes will come to an end primarily because________.

　　A. most companies are not so healthy as IBM

　　B. it can help companies relieve their pension obligations

　　C. millions of Americans have opened their individual accounts for years

　　D. more factors should be taken into consideration for a healthy pension plan

　　3. If one is to assume more financial responsibility, he should have more knowledge about_____.

　　A. risk diversification

　　B. basic financial concepts

　　C. how much he pays to use credit

　　D. the fluctuation in value of his investment

　　4. It can be inferred from the text that________.

　　A. even professionals are short of financial information

　　B. personal saving rates will no doubt increase remarkably

　　C. professionals are usually better prepared for their retirement

　　D. there will be less personal bankruptcies in both America and Britain

　　5. The main idea of this text is that_________.

　　A. most people are very ignorant about investment

　　B. individuals should have more choices and responsibility

　　C. individuals should be better prepared for their retirement

　　D. government should provide official financial-information

　　參考答案：C B B A C

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　　Lead Pollution

　　Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.

　　A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北極的) snow were declining.

　　In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (區(qū)分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.

　　In a study published in the journal Ambio(人類環(huán)境雜志), scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

　　Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

　　The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

　　Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生態(tài)系統(tǒng)) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

　　1.The study published in the journal Nature indicates that

　　A.the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow.

　　B.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results.

　　C.lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected.

　　D.lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase.

　　正確答案:A

　　解析:問題問的是：自然雜志上刊登的研究表明什么?第二段開頭提到自然雜志上刊登的研究表明從產(chǎn)自美國通過空氣傳播的含鉛氣體排放是導(dǎo)致格陵蘭雪地中鉛濃度高的主要原因。而格陵蘭就是位于北極圈內(nèi)。因此A正確，美國是北極雪中鉛污染的主要來源。

　　2.Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US

　　A.was discouraged.

　　B.was prohibited by law.

　　C.was enforced by law.

　　D.was introduced.

　　正確答案:C

　　解析:美國法律強制使用無鉛汽油后，世界范圍的鉛金屬積累量明顯減少了。第一段最后一句話支持這一說法，注意，文中的“mandated”與C選項中的“enforced”意思相同，都是“強制”的意思。

　　3.How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland

　　A.By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.

　　B.By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.

　　C.By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.

　　D.By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.

　　正確答案:B

　　解析:問題問的是：科學(xué)家是怎樣發(fā)現(xiàn)格陵蘭的鉛污染來源的?第三段提到科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)美國汽油中的各種鉛金屬比重不同于歐洲，亞洲和加拿大的。通過比較這些鉛比的不同判斷出格陵蘭雪中鉛污染主要來自美國。因此B正確。

　　4.The authors of the Ambio study have found that

　　A.forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected.

　　B.lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US.

　　C.lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with.

　　D.the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions.

　　正確答案:A

　　解析:問題問的是：人類環(huán)境雜志研究的作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?倒數(shù)第二段結(jié)尾提到森林環(huán)境處理鉛的速度之快超出科學(xué)家們的預(yù)期。因此A正確。

　　5.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists

　　A.feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline.

　　B.are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution.

　　C.lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution.

　　D.still consider lead pollution a problem.

　　正確答案:D

　　解析:問題問的是：通過最后一段能推測出什么?最后一段提到了兩項研究說明了某些生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對大氣污染的減少給出了快速的回應(yīng)，但是這并不能作為進一步的污染行為的許可證。因此D正確，科學(xué)家們?nèi)匀徽J為鉛污染是個問題。

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　　Owering the Risk of Heart Disease

　　Like millions of other Americans, I come from a family with a history of the heart disease. My father had his first three heart attacks when he was only thirty-one. I was three years old at that time. I grew up with heart disease. It was there, but I didn’t take it seriously.

　　When I was thirty-one, my blood cholesterol(膽固醇)level was measured for the first time. It was 311 mg/dl, the doctor told me an extremely high level that put me at a very high risk of heart disease, especially with my family history. He sent me to the National Institutes of Health(NIH)to be screened for participation in a clinical trial. The trial was designed to test the effect of lowering blood cholesterol on the risk of heart disease.

　　At NIH, physicians explained the degree of risk associated with my blood cholesterol level and the nature of the experiment. This test involves putting a tube through a leg artery(動脈) up to the heart. The death rate for the test was only 1 in 100, I was assured.

　　Learning about the risks of the experiment as well as the risk associated with my raised blood cholesterol level scared the life out of me. Although I was excluded from participating in the study, the experience may well have saved my life.

　　For the first time, I began to realize the seriousness of high blood cholesterol. It was a heart attack just waiting to happen. But equally important, I got a taste of what it is like to be a patient, to have tests done on me and to think of myself as sick. This was hard to take.

　　This experience taught me two lifesaving lessons. First, although I felt fit and strong, I was actually at high risk for heart disease because of my high blood cholesterol level. And with my family history, it could not be ignored. Second, I could lower my blood cholesterol level simply by changing what I ate.

　　36.The writer had heart disease because

　　A.he was hurt when he was young.

　　B.his father had heart disease.

　　C.he didn’t know how to take care of himself.

　　D.he suffered another serious disease.

　　正確答案:B

　　解析:問題問的是：作者為什么患有心臟疾病?根據(jù)第一段I come from a family with a history of the heart disease. 可知作者的心臟病是遺傳的，所以選B。.

　　37.Which of the following statements is NOT true

　　A.The write had never measured his blood cholesterol before thirty-one.

　　B.The writer was told by the doctor that he was at high risk of heart disease.

　　C.The writer had a family history of heart disease.

　　D.The writer was at risk of heart disease just because of his family history.

　　正確答案:D

　　解析:問題問的是：以下說法哪個是不正確的?A說作者在31歲之前沒有測量過血液中的膽固醇含量，根據(jù)第二段的第一句可知該選項是正確的。B說醫(yī)生說作者患心臟疾病的風(fēng)險很高，根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知該選項是正確的。C說作者的心臟疾病有家族史，第一段已經(jīng)說明了這個事實，所以是正確的。D說作者患心臟病的風(fēng)險很高僅僅是因為家族史，這個判斷是錯誤的，因為第二段的第二句提到作者的血液中膽固醇含量高和家族史會導(dǎo)致其患上心臟疾病。

　　38.What did the doctor ask the wrier to do

　　A.To go to the National Institutes of Health to participate in clinical trial.

　　B.To put a tube through a leg artery up to the heart.

　　C.To go to bed on time every day.

　　D.To eat less and do exercises every day.

　　正確答案:A

　　解析:問題問的是：醫(yī)生讓作者去做什么?根據(jù)第二段He sent me to the National Institutes of Health(NIH)to be screened for participation in a clinical trial. 可知A是答案。

　　39.What did the writer know from his experience

　　A.He should never participate in such a fatal clinical trial.

　　B.He was at high risk of heart disease although he was fit and strong.

　　C.He was doomed to have heart disease because of his family history.

　　D.Nothing could help him out the trouble except for participating in the trial.

　　正確答案:B

　　解析:問題問的是：作者從他的經(jīng)歷中了解了什么?文章的最后一段提到作者從他的經(jīng)歷中得到了兩個能挽救其生命的信息，其一是雖然自己覺得強壯，但是仍然有患心臟病的風(fēng)險，因為他血液中膽固醇含量過高并且有家族史;其二就是他可以通過改變飲食結(jié)構(gòu)來降低膽固醇的含量，所以B是正確的答案。

　　40.How could the writer lower his blood cholesterol level

　　A.By eating less .

　　B.By realizing the risk of heart disease.

　　C.By putting a tube through a leg artery up to the heart.

　　D.By changing diet.

　　正確答案:D

　　解析:問題問的是：作者怎樣降低血液中的膽固醇含量?文章的最后一句已經(jīng)提到可以通過改變飲食結(jié)構(gòu)來解決這個問題，所以答案是D。