2016年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試閱讀理解練習(xí)題

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　　A Loyal Dog

　　Williams had an intelligent dog named Prince. From morning till night, when Williams was at home, Prince never left his sight, practically ignoring all other members of the family. The dog had a number of clearly defined duties, for which Williams had patiently trained him and, like the good pupil he was, Prince lived for the chance to demonstrate(證明) his abilities.

　　When Williams wanted to put on his boots, he would murmur “Boots” and within seconds the dog would drop them at his feet. At nine every morning, Prince ran off to the general store in the village, returning shortly not only with Williams daily paper but with a packet of Williams' favorite tobacco. A gun dog by breed, Prince possessed a large soft mouth specially evolved(進(jìn)化) for the safe carrying of hunted creatures, so the paper and the tobacco came to no harm, never even showing a tooth mark. Williams was a railway man, an engine driver, and he wore a blue uniform which smelled of oil and oil fuel. He had to work at odd times —“days”, “late days” or “nights”. Over the years Prince got to know these periods of work and rest, knew when his master would leave the house and return, and the dog did not waste this knowledge. If Williams overslept, as he often did, Prince barked at the bedroom door until he woke, much to the annoyance of the family. On his return, Williams slippers were brought to him, the paper and tobacco too if previously undelivered.?

　　A curious thing happened to Williams during the snow and ice of last winter. One evening he slipped and fell on the icy road somewhere between the village and his home. He was so badly shaken that he stayed in bed for three days; and not until he got up and dressed again did he discover that he had lost his wallet containing over fifty pounds. The house was turned upside down in the search, but the wallet was not found. However, two days later—that was five days after the fall—Prince dropped the wallet into William’s hand. Very muddy and wet through, the little case still contained fifty-three pounds, Williams’ driving license and a few other papers. Where the dog had found it no one could tell, but found it he had and recognized it probably by the faint oily smell on the worn leather.?

　　1.How did the dog perform his duties

　　A.He was delighted to show them off

　　B.He did them quickly to get them over

　　C.He did his best but was not often successful

　　D.He had few opportunities to do them

　　正確答案:A

　　2.What does the passage tell us about gun dogs

　　A.They breed well, producing many young dogs

　　B.Their teeth are removed when they are young

　　C.They can carry birds, etc. without hurting them

　　D.They are the fastest runners of all dogs

　　正確答案:C

　　3.What is the result of Williams’ work

　　A.He did not get enough sleep

　　B.There was an oily smell from his clothes

　　C.The dog grew accustomed to traveling by train

　　D.The dog was confused about the time of the day

　　正確答案:B

　　4.It upset Williams’ wife and family when

　　A.Williams had to go to work at night

　　B.the dog made too much noise in the house

　　C.Williams made them all get up early

　　D.the dog would not let them see the newspaper

　　正確答案:B

　　5.Williams did not realize his loss for several days because

　　A.he trusted the dog to find the wallet

　　B.he was unconscious all that time

　　C.he thought the wallet was in the house

　　D.he had no occasion to feel in his pockets

　　正確答案:D

　　When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claims, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.

　　Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.

　　Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”. The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer's rights.

　　1. When a consumer finds that his or her in it, the first thing he or she should do is to ____.

　　A) complain personally to the manager

　　B) threaten to take the matter to court

　　C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase

　　D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store

　　2. How can a consumer make his or her complaint more effective, according to the passage?

　　A) Explain exactly what is wrong with the item.

　　B) Threaten to take the seller to court.

　　C) Make polite and general statements about the problem.

　　D) Avoid having direct contact with the store manager.

　　3. According to the passage, which of the following is suggested as the last alternative that consumers may turn to?

　　A) Complain to the store manager in person.

　　B) Complain to the manufacturer.

　　C) Write a complaint letter to the manager.

　　D) Turn to the Consumers’ Rights Protection Organization for help.

　　4. The phrase “live up to” in this context means ____.

　　A) meet the standard of

　　B) realize the purpose of

　　C) fulfill the demands of

　　D) keep the promise of

　　5.The passage tells us ____.

　　A) how to settle a consumer’s complaint about a faulty item

　　B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item

　　C) how to avoid buying a faulty item

　　D) how to deal with complaints from customers

　　答案：DADAB

　　Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay

　　Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill，new study findings suggest. In an experiment that.exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall ill.

　　The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a "positive emotional style”5 can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.

　　"People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus，，’ explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “ And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe. ”

　　Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less Susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.

　　For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style". Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy，tense and hostile had a negative style.

　　The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days，the volunteers reported on any aches，pains，sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. According to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think

　　A that their illness is very serious.

　　B that their illness is not so serious.

　　C that they do not get any illness at all.

　　D that the illness they get is not a mild one.

　　2.People with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

　　A happy.

　　B selfish.

　　C easy-going.

　　D energetic.

　　3.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have?

　　A Hostile.

　　B Unhappy.

　　C Warm-blooded.

　　D Tense.

　　4. How did the researchers test their volunteers?

　　A By giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus.

　　B By giving everyone a medicine that help lessen the probability of catching cold.

　　C By giving everyone an injection boosting immune function.

　　D By investigating everyone's characteristics, interests and hobbies.

　　5.Which of the following items is NOT included in the data that the researchers collected?

　　A Mucus production.

　　B Aches and pains.

　　C Sneezing or congestion.

　　D Blood test.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B本題答案來(lái)自第三段，其中第二句說(shuō):“當(dāng)他們的確患感冒時(shí)，他們認(rèn)為病情并不太嚴(yán)重”

　　2.B 選項(xiàng)A、C、D在第五段第二句均提到，只有B項(xiàng)沒(méi)提到，而且從邏輯推理，情緒樂(lè)觀的人絕不會(huì)是“自私自利”的人。

　　3.C選項(xiàng)A、B、D也均在第五段第二句提到，而C項(xiàng)“熱情洋溢”也不應(yīng)屬于情緒低落、消極的人所應(yīng)有的性格特征。

　　4.A第六段第一句說(shuō)的就是“研究者給這些志愿者一些含有感冒病毒或某種流感病毒的滴鼻劑”，這正是本題答案。

　　5.D選項(xiàng)A、B、C在第六段第二句均提到，而D項(xiàng)則不在其中之列。

　　truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has fund that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困擾) you—appears to be the key to the finding.

　　Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.

　　His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接觸) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.

　　But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.

　　People are also more likely to lie in real time—in a instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脫口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”

　　Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.

　　1. Hancock’s study focuses on ________.

　　A) the consequences of lying in various communications media

　　B) the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas

　　C) people are less likely to lie in instant messages

　　D) people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media

　　2. Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ________.

　　A) people are less likely to lie in instant messages

　　B) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions

　　C) people are most likely to lie in email communication

　　D) people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations

　　3. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?

　　A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.

　　B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.

　　C) They tend to be relaxed when using those media.

　　D) They are most practised at those forms of communication.

　　4. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________.

　　A) salesmen can talk directly to their customers

　　B) salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate

　　C) salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy

　　D) salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively

　　5. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

　　A) honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications

　　B) more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees

　　C) suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes

　　D) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company

　　答案：1. D 2. C 3. D 4.A 5. B