2016年職稱英語(yǔ)考試《衛(wèi)生類》閱讀理解小測(cè)(3)

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   2016年職稱英語(yǔ)考試《衛(wèi)生類》閱讀理解小測(cè)匯總，供考生參考。

　　Drug Reactions ― a Major Cause of Death

　　Adverse drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide1, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

　　“The incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in US hospitals was found to be extremely high,” say researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.

　　They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies2 at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined an ADR as “any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy.”3

　　An average 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year, according to the reasearchers.They estimate that "in 1994, overall 2，216 000 hospitalized patients had serious ADRs, and 106,000 had fatal ADRs." This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America.4

　　And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures5.

　　The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $4 billion per year.

　　Dr. David Bates of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. "When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded,"Bates notes6, "and patients receive drugs to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency.”7 He. believes computerized surveillance systems still works-in-progress at many of the nation's hospitals8 ― should help cut down the frequency of these types of errors.

　　詞匯：

　　reaction 反應(yīng)，作用

　　conservative 保守的，守舊的;穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

　　adverse 不利的，有害的

　　incidence 發(fā)生率;發(fā)生

　　define .解釋，給……下定義

　　diagnosis .診斷(法)，診斷結(jié)論

　　sensitivity 過(guò)敏(性);敏感

　　hospitalize 送進(jìn)……醫(yī)院治療

　　surveillance 監(jiān)督，檢查，監(jiān)管

　　注釋：

　　1.making them a leading cause of death nationwide：使它們?cè)谌珖?guó)范圍內(nèi)成為導(dǎo)致死亡最重的原因之一的原因之一

　　2.ADR-related studies：涉及用藥不良反應(yīng)的研究

　　3.any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy：用于人體預(yù)防、診斷及治療目的的藥物劑量造成的任何有害、非故意和不良的后果

　　4.This means that ADRs may rank as the fourth single largest cause of death in America這意味著用藥不良反應(yīng)在美國(guó)可列為引起死亡的第四大單項(xiàng)因素。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)“rank as”意為“排行為”，“列為”。

　　5.since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures：因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)用藥不良反應(yīng)下的定義不包括錯(cuò)誤服藥、過(guò)量用藥、濫用藥物和治療失敗所造成的后果。

　　6.“When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded,”Bates notes...：“當(dāng)一個(gè)病人產(chǎn)生了(藥物)過(guò)敏時(shí)，往往沒(méi)有記錄下來(lái)，”貝茨指出……實(shí)際上，“allergy”和"sensitivity "是“藥物過(guò)敏”的不同說(shuō)法。句中"note"的意思是"記下"、"寫下"或"指出"。

　　7.and patients receive drugs to which they have known allergies or sensitives with disturbing frequency：這是整個(gè)并列句的第二部分。其中，主語(yǔ)為patients，謂語(yǔ)是receive，賓語(yǔ)是drugs，后面有定語(yǔ)從句to which they have known allergies or sensitivities作為它的修飾語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)部分的意思是：“已知道他們對(duì)其有過(guò)敏反應(yīng)的藥物”：最后是一個(gè)借此短語(yǔ)with disturbing frequency作方式狀語(yǔ)，字面意思是的是：以使人不安的頻率。整句話意為：令人不安的是，病人常常服用那些他們已知道對(duì)其有變態(tài)反應(yīng)和過(guò)敏反應(yīng)的藥物。

　　8.still works-in-progress at many of the nation’s hospitals：……在國(guó)內(nèi)的許多醫(yī)院里還是一個(gè)正在逐步建立起來(lái)的措施……

　　練習(xí)：

　　1.Researchers at the University of Toronto believe that _________.

　　A　ADRs have caused medical problems, though they seldom lead to death.

　　B　ADRs have very often caused patients to die in Canada.

　　C　ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years.

　　D　it is easy to prevent ADRs from happening.

　　2.The investigators say that _________.

　　A　67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital die from ADRs each year.

　　B　67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital experience an ADR each year.

　　C　6.7% of all hospitalized patients in America experience ADRs each year on average.

　　D　6.7% of all hospitalized patients in Canada experience ADRs each year on average.

　　3.An American research estimates that the total sum of money spent in treating ADRs each year is as much as _________.

　　A　$40,000,000,000.

　　B　$4,000,000,000.

　　C　$400,000,000.

　　D　$40,000,000.

　　4.The Canadian investigators think that the ADR incidence figures from their research _________.

　　A　are surely very exact.

　　B　are probably higher than the real amount.

　　C　are perhaps less than the real amount.

　　D　are probably groundless.

　　5.According to Dr. David Bates, hospitals in America _________.

　　A　are not paying enough attention to possibilities of ADR happenings.

　　B　have never tried to use computers to prevent ADRs from happening.

　　C　do not use those drugs which will cause side effects to their patients.

　　D　know that many ADRs are easily preventable.

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