2019年catti筆譯二級(jí)試題：印度教育

At one of the better colleges in India's capital, there is just one large room for 140 faculty members to sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers. "If even half show up, there aren't enough chairs," said Amin, a history professor there. "There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?"

The lack of amenities for faculty members is not the only issue. After 30 years at Mary College, which is one of dozens administered by the University of Delhi, Ms. Amin makes the equivalent of $22,000 a year - less than half of what some of her better students will make in their first jobs. New opportunities offer not just more money for graduates but also mobility and flexibility, which are virtually unheard of for faculty at most of India's colleges and universities.

All this means that India is facing a severe shortage of faculty members. But it is not just low pay and lack of facilities that are being blamed. According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of PhD's, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent have led to a situation in which 40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant. The report's authors, mostly academics, found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommended by the government, this figure jumps to 54 percent. All this means that India is facing a severe shortage of faculty members. But it is not just low pay and lack of facilities that are being blamed. According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of PhD's, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent has led to a situation in which 40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant. The report's authors, mostly academics, found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommended by the government, this figure jumps to 54 percent.

Experts say this is the clearest sign that India will fail to meet the goal set by the education minister, who has pledged to more than double the size of the country's higher education system by 2020. They say that while the ambition is laudable, the absence of a long-term strategy to develop faculty will ensure that India's education dream remains just that.

Mr. Ali of Indian institute of technology in Delhi, meanwhile, was more optimistic. He felt India could enroll as much as 25 percent of eligible students in colleges and universities - about twice the current figure - by the end of this decade. "Tangible changes are happening," he said. "The debate that has happened in the last few years has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is more consensus across the board that we need to scale quality education."

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在印度首都其中一所比較好的大學(xué)里，僅有一間大房間供140名教員休息，喝咖啡和批改作業(yè)。“即使只有一半教員使用該房間，椅子都會(huì)不夠用，”該大學(xué)的一名歷史學(xué)教授阿明(Amin) 說(shuō)。“沒有其他場(chǎng)所供教員工作。在這種情況下，你如何期待教師進(jìn)行工作?”

然而，問題不僅僅是教員設(shè)備不足。雖然阿明女士在瑪麗學(xué)院(德里大學(xué)的其中一所下設(shè)學(xué)院)工作了30年，但她的年薪只有22,000美元，還不到她一些優(yōu)秀學(xué)生第一份工作年薪的一半。新的機(jī)會(huì)不僅給畢業(yè)生帶來(lái)更多經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)，而且具備流動(dòng)性和靈活性，但這些福利都是印度大學(xué)教員聞所未聞的。

所有這些現(xiàn)象都表明，印度的大學(xué)教員正出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重短缺，但造成這一現(xiàn)象的罪魁禍?zhǔn)撞⒉恢皇鞘杖氲拖潞驮O(shè)備不足。印度政府去年發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告表示，高等教育擴(kuò)招，博士生供應(yīng)不足，招聘程序拖沓和人才培訓(xùn)和吸引的激勵(lì)機(jī)制不足使現(xiàn)有印度大學(xué)教職的空缺率達(dá)到40%。該報(bào)告的作者(大多數(shù)是學(xué)術(shù)界人士)還發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果按照政府建議的課堂規(guī)模來(lái)計(jì)算，這一比例會(huì)上升到54%。

老師表示，這清楚地表明，印度將不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)其教育部長(zhǎng)設(shè)定的目標(biāo)，即在2020年前使印度高等教育學(xué)生數(shù)量翻一番。這些老師認(rèn)為，雖然這一雄心壯志值得稱贊，但是由于缺乏培育教員的長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略，印度的教育夢(mèng)只能是空想。

但印度理工大學(xué)的巴拉克利什南(Balakrishnan) 先生卻更樂觀。他認(rèn)為印度大學(xué)將會(huì)在2020年之前接收多達(dá)25%的合格學(xué)生，這一數(shù)字將是目前的2倍。“已經(jīng)發(fā)生了一些顯著變化”，他表示。“過去幾年發(fā)生的辯論已把人們帶出了舒適區(qū)。人們一致同意，大學(xué)的質(zhì)量需要提高。

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