2021骞村仴搴风鐞嗗斧銆婂熀绀�(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬮珮闋昏€冮粸:鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌�
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2021骞村仴搴风鐞嗗斧銆婂熀绀�(ch菙)鐭ヨ瓨銆嬮珮闋昏€冮粸:鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌�
1.鎻忚堪鎬ф祦琛岀梾瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒
鎻忚堪鎬ф祦琛岀梾瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒(descriptive epidemiological study)鏄寚鍒╃敤宸叉湁鐨勮硣鏂欐垨鐗规畩瑾�(di脿o)鏌ョ殑璩囨枡(鍖呮嫭瀵﹂瀹ゆ鏌ョ祼(ji茅)鏋�)锛屾弿杩扮柧鐥呮垨鍋ュ悍鐙€娉佸湪涓嶅悓鏅傞枔銆佸湴榛炲拰浜虹兢涓殑鍒嗗竷鐗瑰緛锛岀偤閫蹭竴姝ラ枊灞曞垎鏋愭祦琛岀梾瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒鎻愪緵鐥呭洜鎴栨祦琛屽洜绱犵殑绶氱储銆�
瀹冨寘鎷毚鐧�(f膩)瑾�(di脿o)鏌�銆佺梾渚嬪強鐥呬緥绲勫垎鏋�銆佺妾�銆佺敓鎱�(t脿i)瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒鍜岀従(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ョ瓑鐮旂┒鏂规硶銆�
2.鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ュ皪鐨勫畾缇�
鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌�(prevalence survey)鏄寚鍦ㄦ煇涓€浜虹兢涓噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄦ櫘鏌绘垨鎶芥ǎ瑾�(di脿o)鏌ョ瓑鏂规硶鏀堕泦鐗瑰畾鏅傞枔鍏�(n猫i)鏈夐棞(gu膩n)璁婇噺銆佺柧鐥呮垨鍋ュ悍鐙€娉佺殑璩囨枡锛屼互鎻忚堪鐩墠鐤剧梾鎴栧仴搴风媭娉佺殑鍒嗗竷鍙婃煇鍥犵礌鑸囩柧鐥呯殑闂�(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)銆�
寰炴檪闁撲笂瑾�锛岀従(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ユ槸鍦ㄧ壒瀹氭檪闁撻粸閫茶鐨�锛屽嵆鍦ㄦ煇涓€鏅傞粸鎴栧湪鐭檪闁撳収(n猫i)瀹屾垚锛岄€欏€嬫檪闁撻粸鐚跺涓€鍊嬫柗闈�锛屾晠鍙堢ū涔嬬偤姗柗闈㈢爺绌躲€傚畠鎵€鏀堕泦鐨勮硣鏂欐棦涓嶆槸閬庡幓鐨勮閷�锛屼篃涓嶆槸甯歌(gu墨)鍫卞憡璩囨枡鎴栭毃瑷殑瑾�(di脿o)鏌ヨ硣鏂�锛岃€屾槸瑾�(di脿o)鏌ョ暥鏅傛墍寰楀埌鐨勭柧鐥�銆佸仴搴峰拰鍏朵粬鏈夐棞(gu膩n)璩囨枡銆�
鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ヤ篃绋辨┇鏂烽潰瑾�(di脿o)鏌�銆佹偅鐥呯巼瑾�(di脿o)鏌ョ瓑銆傛寜瑷�(sh猫)瑷堣姹傚湪鏌愪竴浜虹兢鐢ㄤ竴瀹氭柟娉曟敹闆嗙壒瀹氭檪闁撳収(n猫i)鐤剧梾鐨勬弿杩版€ц硣鏂�锛屼互鎻忚堪鐤剧梾鐨勫垎甯冨強瑙€瀵熸煇浜涘洜绱犺垏鐤剧梾(鍋ュ悍)涔嬮枔鐨勯棞(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)銆�
鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ョ敤鐨勪富瑕佹寚妯欐槸鎮g梾鐜�锛岄€茶鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ユ檪鐤剧梾鎴栧仴搴风媭娉佽垏鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勬煇浜涘洜绱犳垨鐗瑰緛鏄湪涓€娆¤(di脿o)鏌ヤ腑寰楀埌鐨�锛屽嵆鍥犺垏鏋滄槸骞跺瓨鐨�锛屽洜鑰屽湪鐥呭洜鍒嗘瀽鏅傚彧鑳藉皪鐥呭洜鎻愬嚭鍒濇绶氱储锛屼笉鑳藉緱鍑烘湁闂�(gu膩n)鐥呭洜鍥犳灉闂�(gu膩n)绯荤殑绲�(ji茅)璜栥€�
3.鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ョ殑鐩殑
(1)鎻忚堪鐤剧梾鎴栧仴搴风媭娉佺殑鍒嗗竷锛氶€氶亷鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ュ彲浠ユ弿杩扮柧鐥呮垨鍋ュ悍鐙€娉佺殑涓夐枔鍒嗗竷锛岀櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)楂樺嵄浜虹兢锛屽垎鏋愮柧鐥呮垨鍋ュ悍鐙€娉佺殑闋荤巼鑸囧摢浜涚挵(hu谩n)澧冨洜绱�銆佷汉缇ょ壒寰佺瓑鍥犵礌鏈夐棞(gu膩n)銆�
渚嬪锛屽皬鐜嬮€氶亷楂樿澹撶ぞ鍗€(q奴)鎶芥ǎ瑾�(di脿o)鏌�锛屽彲浠ヤ簡瑙h惉澹借矾鍦板崁(q奴)鑰佸勾浜虹兢楂樿澹撶殑鎮g梾鐜�锛屼互鍙婇珮琛€澹撳湪骞撮健銆佹€у垾銆佽伔妤�(y猫)涓殑鍒嗗竷銆�
(2)鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鐥呭洜绶氱储锛氭弿杩版煇浜涘洜绱犳垨鐗瑰緛鑸囩柧鐥呮垨鍋ュ悍鐙€娉佺殑鑱�(li谩n)绯讳互纰哄畾鐥呭洜鍋囪ō(sh猫)锛屼緵鍒嗘瀽娴佽鐥呭(xu茅)鐮旂┒銆�
渚嬪锛屽皬鐜嬪湪灏嶇ぞ鍗€(q奴)鍐犲績鐥呯殑鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ヤ腑鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍐犲績鐥呮偅鑰呬腑鏈夐珮琛€澹�銆侀珮琛€鑴�銆佽偉鑳栫瓑鍥犵礌鐨勬瘮渚嬫槑椤珮浜庨潪鍐犲績鐥呬汉缇�锛屽緸鑰屾彁鍑洪珮琛€澹�銆侀珮琛€鑴傚拰鑲ヨ儢鑷村啝蹇冪梾鐨勭梾鍥犲亣瑷�(sh猫)銆�
(3)閬╃敤浜庣柧鐥呯殑浜岀礆闋�(y霉)闃诧細鍒╃敤鏅煡鎴栫妾㈢瓑鎵嬫锛屽彲鏃╂湡鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鎮h€�锛屽鐝�(xi脿n)“鏃╃櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屾棭瑷烘柗锛屾棭娌荤檪”鐨勭洰鐨�銆�
渚嬪锛�1972锝�1974骞存垜鍦嬫睙铇囩渷閫茶鐨勪笁娆¢夯棰�(f膿ng)鐥呭叏姘戞櫘鏌ワ紝鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗗ぇ閲忔棭鏈熼夯棰�(f膿ng)鐥呮偅鑰�锛屽苟鍙婃檪閫茶浜嗘不鐧�锛屽皪鎺у埗楹婚ⅷ(f膿ng)鐥呯殑娴佽銆侀檷浣庨夯棰�(f膿ng)鐣告畼鐨勭櫦(f膩)鐢熺巼鏈夊緢澶т綔鐢�銆�
(4)瑭曞児鐤剧梾鐨勯槻娌绘晥鏋滐細濡傚畾鏈熷湪鏌愪竴浜虹兢涓€茶姗柗闈㈢爺绌�锛屾敹闆嗘湁闂�(gu膩n)鏆撮湶鑸囩柧鐥呯殑璩囨枡锛岄€氶亷閫欑ó椤炰技鍓嶇灮鎬х爺绌剁殑瑾�(di脿o)鏌ョ祼(ji茅)鏋�锛屽彲鑰冩牳鍜岃⿻鍍规煇浜涚柧鐥呴槻娌绘帾鏂界殑鏁堟灉銆�
(5)鐤剧梾鐩�(ji膩n)娓細鍦ㄦ煇涓€鐗瑰畾浜虹兢涓暦鏈熼€茶鐤剧梾鐩�(ji膩n)娓�锛屽彲灏嶆墍鐩�(ji膩n)娓柧鐥呯殑鍒嗗竷瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪拰闀锋湡璁婂寲瓒ㄥ嫝鏈夋繁鍒荤殑瑾嶈瓨鍜屼簡瑙�銆�
(6)鍏朵粬锛氱従(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ラ倓鍙互鐢ㄤ簬琛¢噺涓€鍊嬪湅瀹舵垨鍦板崁(q奴)鐨勮(w猫i)鐢熸按骞冲拰鍋ュ悍鐙€娉�銆佽(w猫i)鐢熸湇鍕�(w霉)闇€姹傜殑鐮旂┒銆佺ぞ鍗€(q奴)琛�(w猫i)鐢熻(gu墨)鍔冪殑鍒跺畾鑸囪⿻浼板拰鏈夐棞(gu膩n)琛�(w猫i)鐢熸垨妾㈤妯欐樊鐨勫埗瀹�锛岀偤琛�(w猫i)鐢熻鏀块儴闁€鐨勭瀛�(xu茅)姹虹瓥鎻愪緵渚濇摎(j霉)銆�
4.鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ョ殑鏂规硶鍙婄ó椤�
(1)鏅煡 鍗崇偤浜嗚В鏌愮梾鐨勬偅鐥呯巼鎴栧仴搴风媭娉�锛屼簬涓€瀹氭檪闁撳収(n猫i)灏嶄竴瀹氳寖鍦嶇殑浜虹兢涓瘡涓€鍊嬫垚鍝℃墍浣滅殑瑾�(di脿o)鏌ユ垨妾㈡煡銆傛櫘鏌ョ殑鍎�(y艒u)榛炴槸涓嶅瓨鍦ㄦ娊妯h宸�锛屼絾涓嶉仼鐢ㄤ簬鎮g梾鐜囦綆涓旂劇绨′究鏄撹瑷烘柗鎵嬫鐨勭柧鐥�銆�
(2)鎶芥ǎ瑾�(di脿o)鏌�
鍦ㄥ闅涜(di脿o)鏌ュ伐浣滀腑锛屽瑕佹彮绀虹柧鐥呯殑鍒嗗竷瑕�(gu墨)寰嬪彲浠ヨ(di脿o)鏌ユ煇涓€浜虹兢涓湁浠h〃鎬х殑閮ㄥ垎(妯f湰)锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)妯f湰瑾�(di脿o)鏌ョ祼(ji茅)鏋滀及瑷堝嚭瑭蹭汉缇ゆ煇鐥呯殑鎮g梾鐜囨垨鏌愪簺鐗瑰緛鐨勬儏娉併€�
鎶芥ǎ鐨勫劒(y艒u)榛炴槸绡€(ji茅)鐪佹檪闁�銆佷汉鍔涘拰鐗╁姏璩囨簮锛屼絾瑷�(sh猫)瑷堝鏂藉京(f霉)闆�锛屼笖涓嶉仼鐢ㄤ簬璁婄暟杓冨ぇ鐨勭爺绌跺皪璞℃垨闇€瑕佹櫘鏌ユ櫘娌荤殑鐤剧梾銆�
鎶芥ǎ鍙互鍒嗙偤闈為毃姗熸娊妯e拰闅ㄦ鎶芥ǎ锛屽墠鑰呭鍏稿瀷瑾�(di脿o)鏌ユ垨鍋堕亣鎶芥ǎ绛�銆�
闅ㄦ鎶芥ǎ鐨勬ǎ鏈繀闋堥伒寰毃姗熷寲鐨勫師鍓�锛屽嵆淇濊瓑绺介珨涓瘡涓€鍊嬪皪璞¢兘鏈夐潪闆剁殑姒傜巼琚伕鍏ヤ綔鐐虹爺绌跺皪璞�锛屼互淇濊瓑妯f湰鐨勪唬琛ㄦ€�銆傚父瑕嬬殑闅ㄦ鎶芥ǎ鏂规硶鏈夊柈绱旈毃姗熸娊妯�銆佺郴绲�(t菕ng)鎶芥ǎ銆佸垎灞ゆ娊妯�銆佹暣缇ゆ娊妯e拰澶氶殠娈垫娊妯�銆�
4.鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ョ殑鍎�(y艒u)缂洪粸
(1)鍎�(y艒u)榛烇細鐝�(xi脿n)娉佽(di脿o)鏌ヤ腑甯哥敤鐨勬槸鎶芥ǎ瑾�(di脿o)鏌ャ€�
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