No. 1: Ice Queen
誤解一：女強(qiáng)人都是冰皇后
Halley Bock, CEO of leadership and development training company Fierce, notes that the ruthless “ice queen” stereotype is rampant. Cultural depictions, like frigid magazine editor Miranda Priestly in The Devil Wears Prada (and her real-world counterpart Anna Wintour of Vogue) and back-stabbing boss Patty Hewes on Damages, paint successful women as unsympathetic power-mongers. It is, of course, a Catch-22. “A woman who shows emotion in the workplace is often cast as too fragile or unstable to lead,” Bock said. “A woman who shows no emotion and keeps it hyper-professional is icy and unfeminine. For many women, it can be a no-win situation。”
海利·伯克說(shuō)，很多人都把成功女性看做冷酷無(wú)情的“冰皇后”。在影視文化作品中，成功女性被描繪成沒(méi)有同情心，只知道追求權(quán)力的形象，比如《穿普拉達(dá)的惡魔》一片中的雜志主編米蘭達(dá)(其原型是時(shí)尚雜志《Vogue》的主編溫圖爾)，還有法律懸疑劇《傷害》中暗箭傷人的老板帕蒂·海渥絲。這是一種悖論，“女性如果在工作場(chǎng)合表現(xiàn)出個(gè)人情感，會(huì)被看做脆弱不可信任，如果不在工作中摻雜個(gè)人情感，表現(xiàn)的非常職業(yè)，又會(huì)被人說(shuō)是缺乏溫柔冷冰冰。對(duì)很多女性來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)論怎樣做都不討好。”
No. 2: Single and Lonely
誤解二：女強(qiáng)人既孤單又寂寞
Harvard lecturer Olivia Fox Cabane notes that the strong perception that powerful women are intimidating to men and will need to sacrifice their personal lives may stop women from going after power. Even those women who aren’t interested in marrying, face harsh judgments. Men get to be “bachelors” while women are reduced to “spinsters” and “old-maids。” In fact, when Janet Napolitano was nominated Secretary of Homeland Security, critics said her being single would allow her to “spend more time on the job。”
哈佛大學(xué)講師奧利維亞福克斯指出，“成功女性會(huì)令男性望而卻步，而且要犧牲個(gè)人生活”的普遍觀念，可能會(huì)使得女性停止追求事業(yè)上的成功。即便有的女性對(duì)婚姻不感興趣，也會(huì)面對(duì)尖刻的評(píng)論。那些未婚的男性被稱(chēng)作“單身漢”，而未婚的女性會(huì)被稱(chēng)作“老處女”或“老媽子”。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)納波利塔諾被提名國(guó)土安全局局長(zhǎng)時(shí)，有評(píng)論諷刺她說(shuō)，單身的她會(huì)有更多時(shí)間用于工作。
No. 3: Tough
誤解三：女強(qiáng)人都是強(qiáng)硬派
The first female Executive Editor of The New York Times, Jill Abramson is anything but stereotypical. She had a hard-charging career as an investigative reporter at The Wall Street Journal and edited her way to the top of the Times masthead. She’s also a true-blood New Yorker and is writing a book about puppies. Despite her complexities, she must contend with being called “tough” and “brusque,” making the “she’s-tough stereotype” her least favorite. Said Abramson: “As an investigative reporter, I had tough standards and a formidable way of framing and reporting stories, but I don’t think of myself as a tough person。”
吉爾·艾布拉姆森是《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的第一位女主編，她絕不是刻板之人。吉爾曾做過(guò)華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)調(diào)查記者，她按照自己的想法來(lái)編輯時(shí)報(bào)刊頭。她也是一個(gè)地道的紐約人，目前正在寫(xiě)一本關(guān)于小狗的書(shū)。有很多詞都可以用來(lái)形容她，但吉爾最不喜歡的詞就是“強(qiáng)硬”和“粗暴”，她說(shuō)：“作為一個(gè)調(diào)查記者，我對(duì)撰寫(xiě)報(bào)道有嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，但我不認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)強(qiáng)硬之人。”
No. 4: Weak
誤解四：“軟弱”你的名字叫女人
Costa Rica President Laura Chinchilla, the country’s first female leader, told me that successful women face typecasting largely because society is still adjusting to women’s recent decision-making power. Chinchilla believes the most pervasive stereotype is that women are “weak,” a perception that may stem from women’s greater desire to build a consensus. “We understand success not as the result of just one person but as the result of a team,” she said. “[It’s a] different way of dealing with power [that] is misunderstood as a kind of weakness。”
哥斯達(dá)黎加總統(tǒng)勞拉·欽奇利亞是該國(guó)的第一位女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。她說(shuō)成功女性之所以受刻板印象困擾，是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)社會(huì)還沒(méi)有適應(yīng)女性掌管權(quán)力。她認(rèn)為最普遍的刻板印象是：女性都很“軟弱”，人們之所以會(huì)有這種想法，可能是女性更愿意作出妥協(xié)達(dá)成共識(shí)。“女性更愿意追求團(tuán)隊(duì)的成功，而不是個(gè)人勝利。”她說(shuō)，“把這種處理權(quán)力的方式看做軟弱，是對(duì)女性的誤解。”
No. 5: Masculine
誤解五：“巾幗”必須男子氣十足
The notion that powerful women must be, lead and look like a man really aggravates Christine Lagarde, the managing director of the International Monetary Fund. In a video interview with FORBES she said–pumping her fist–she hates the idea that “you have to look like a businessman。” She admitted she sometimes feels the pressure to look the “right” way, but tries to resist not being “overly businesslike。”
成功女性行事要有男子氣概——這一說(shuō)法令國(guó)際貨幣基金組織總裁拉加德大為光火。在福布斯的視頻采訪中，她揮舞著拳說(shuō)她痛恨“必須打扮成商人模樣”這一說(shuō)法。她承認(rèn)自己有時(shí)會(huì)感受到“得體著裝”的壓力，但她盡量不打扮的“過(guò)于務(wù)實(shí)”。
No. 6: Conniving
誤解六：女人要靠“潛規(guī)則”
When NBC’s Curry first started her career, she was told she couldn’t be a news reporter because women had “no news judgment。” Now, she’s at the top of her game and says the stereotype that most offends her is “the idea that a woman can only be successful because she somehow connived or engineered her rise–that she could not rise simply because she was too good to be denied。” She has experienced it herself, saying that she gets asked if she “forced” NBC to give her the anchor job or if there was a “backroom deal。” Curry told me, “I find it really annoying。”
當(dāng)NBC電視臺(tái) 的庫(kù)里剛開(kāi)始她的職業(yè)生涯時(shí)，別人說(shuō)她不可能成為一名新聞?dòng)浾撸驗(yàn)榕?ldquo;沒(méi)有新聞?lì)^腦”�，F(xiàn)在，她已經(jīng)成為一名頂尖的新聞?dòng)浾摺Ｋf(shuō)最令她生氣的說(shuō)法是“一個(gè)女性之所以能成功，靠的是潛規(guī)則，而不是她出色的工作能力。” 她自己就有這樣的經(jīng)歷，有人問(wèn)她是不是“強(qiáng)迫”電視臺(tái)給她新聞主播的工作，或者有沒(méi)有“幕后交易”。庫(kù)里說(shuō)道：“這種說(shuō)法實(shí)在令人惱火。”
No. 7: Emotional
誤解七：女人容易情緒化
Ellen Lubin-Sherman, executive coach and author of business guide The Essentials of Fabulous, believes one the most dangerous stereotypes female leaders will face is that they are prone toemotional outbursts. Despite Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s consistent cool-headed demeanor, when she teared up on the campaign trail, the media pounced. Similarly, former Yahoo Chief Carol Bartz is frequently cited for her “salty language,” which has been used as evidence that she is “emotional” and a “loose cannon。”
埃倫·魯賓·謝爾曼商業(yè)指導(dǎo)《完美要素》的作者和導(dǎo)師，在她看來(lái)，人們普遍認(rèn)為女性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人容易受到情緒影響。盡管?chē)?guó)務(wù)卿希拉里·克林頓一向行事冷靜，當(dāng)她在競(jìng)選案中落淚時(shí)，媒體們一擁而上大做文章。同樣，人們說(shuō)起前雅虎首席執(zhí)行官卡羅爾·巴茨時(shí)常提到她的“不文明用語(yǔ)”，正因如此，人們把她看做是一個(gè)“情緒化的”“定時(shí)炸彈”。
No. 8: Angry
誤解八：女人豈能“憤怒”
“Anger is a sign of status in men, but when women show anger they are viewed as less competent,” said Young. First Lady Michelle Obama was condemned as an “angry black woman” when she was campaigning for her husband in the 2008 presidential election. The Harvard-trained lawyer conscientiously softened her image and speeches in order to be more “likable,” becoming better known for her fashion and her unending support of her husband than for her stance on political issues。“
憤怒是男性的專(zhuān)利，人們不能接受女性表現(xiàn)出憤怒的一面。”楊說(shuō)。2008年，米歇爾·奧巴馬為丈夫的總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選造勢(shì)時(shí)，這位第一夫人曾被譴責(zé)為“憤怒的黑人婦女”。后來(lái)，這位哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)的律師柔化自己的形象和演講，變得更加“討人喜歡”，突出表現(xiàn)自己的時(shí)尚品味和對(duì)丈夫的支持，而不是政治立場(chǎng)。
No. 9: A Token
誤解九：女人都是“花瓶”擺設(shè)
Women hold just 16% of corporate board seats. But instead of focusing on balancing things out, they are often devalued as being a “token” of diversity rather than having earned the post. Former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was often the only woman in the room, but her gender didn’t get her there. “While companies take their diversity goals seriously, they are not going to settle for less than the best person for the job,” said Lynne Sarikas, director of the MBA[微博] career center at Northeastern University. “Women are hired because of their education and experience and what they can do for the company。”
女性在公司董事會(huì)所占席位只有總數(shù)的16%。人們并不關(guān)注女性在董事會(huì)所占比例過(guò)少這一事實(shí)，反而貶低董事會(huì)女性，認(rèn)為她們之所以位列董事，不是因?yàn)樗齻兊牟拍埽齻冎徊贿^(guò)是公司出于多元化考慮而擺設(shè)的花瓶。美國(guó)前國(guó)務(wù)卿賴(lài)斯經(jīng)常是重要場(chǎng)合里唯一的女性，她能勝任這一職位，靠的可不是她的性別。“即便公司真的是出于多元化考慮，但最終還是會(huì)選擇最適合這個(gè)職位的雇員。”美國(guó)東北大學(xué)[微博]MBA就業(yè)指導(dǎo)中心主任林恩說(shuō)，“女性被錄用是因?yàn)樗齻兊慕逃尘昂吐殬I(yè)經(jīng)歷，以及她們所能為公司做出的貢獻(xiàn)。”
No. 10: A Cheerleader
誤解十：女強(qiáng)人如同“啦啦隊(duì)長(zhǎng)”
Billie Blair, president and CEO of Change Strategists, notes that prominent women who are considered feminine and warm may be dismissed as “cheerleaders” rather than the strong leaders that they are. When former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin was running for VP, Blair was amazed to hear a male client describe her as “a cheerleader, not a coach nor a quarterback。”
戰(zhàn)略家公司總裁兼首席執(zhí)行官比利·布萊爾指出，溫柔熱情的成功女性常被看做是啦啦隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，而不是杰出的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。前阿拉斯加州州長(zhǎng)佩林競(jìng)選副總統(tǒng)時(shí)，布萊爾很驚訝的聽(tīng)到一個(gè)男客戶(hù)形容佩林“是一個(gè)啦啦隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，而不是一個(gè)教練，也不是四分衛(wèi)。”
