2018年成人學(xué)位英語考試預(yù)測試題及答案三之閱讀理解

　　一、閱讀理解(1-20)

　　Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the "typical" Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life.What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.

　　Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that "assembly-life" will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste the elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life—to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple,a stroll(散步)by the river,or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe?

　　Since the late 1950's life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.

　　In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences,and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modem,industrial France is preferable to the old.

　　1.Which of the following is Not related to the new French way of life?

　　A. Shorter lunch hour.

　　B. Greater output.

　　C. Creature comforts.

　　D. Leisurely cafe talk.

　　答案：D.從第一段三、四句可知，A、B兩項(xiàng)是法國新的生活方式所帶來的結(jié)果。第一段倒數(shù)兩句指出，他獲得了舒服和自在的生活，但在一定程度上失去了個(gè)性?？梢?，C項(xiàng)也屬于新的生活方式。只有D項(xiàng)屬于舊的生活方式。因此D項(xiàng)為此題答案。

　　2.Which of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen?

　　A. Many of them prefer the modern life style.

　　B. They actually enjoy working at the assembly line.

　　C. They are more concerned with money than before.

　　D. They are more competitive than the older generation.

　　答案：B.從最后一段可知A項(xiàng)說法正確，從第一、二段可知C、D兩項(xiàng)說法也對(duì)。從文章中可知，由于法國人更關(guān)心錢，他們的生活節(jié)奏加快，工作效率提高，但文中并沒有指出他們很喜歡這種流水線的工作，而且有些人對(duì)這種變化持反對(duì)態(tài)度，故A項(xiàng)不對(duì)。因此B項(xiàng)為此題答案。

　　3.The passage suggests that _____.

　　A. in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhere

　　B. it's now unlikely to see a Frenchman enjoying a stroll by the river

　　C. the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked apples

　　D. great changes have occurred in the life style of all Frenchmen

　　答案：A.從第一段的最后可知A項(xiàng)說法正確。B、C、D三項(xiàng)說法過于片面，過于絕對(duì)，故不對(duì)。因此A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　4.Which of the following is true about the critics?

　　A. Critics are greater in number than people enjoying the new way of life.

　　B. Student critics are greater in number than critics in other fields.

　　C. Student critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend.

　　D. Critics are concerned solely with the present and not the future.

　　答案：C.第三段第三、四句指出，學(xué)生關(guān)心未來，擔(dān)心法國受到這種充滿競爭的、商品化文化的威脅。偶爾，他們用相當(dāng)?shù)谋┝矸磳?duì)這種趨勢?？梢?，C項(xiàng)說法與此一致，D項(xiàng)不對(duì)。從最后一段中可知A，B兩項(xiàng)均不對(duì)。因此C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　5.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Changes in French way of life.

　　B. Criticism of the new life style.

　　C. The Americanization of France.

　　D. Features of the new way of life.

　　答案：A.文章主要是講述法國生活方式的變化，作者的態(tài)度是客觀的，沒有對(duì)這種變化發(fā)表個(gè)人看法，沒有帶任何主觀色彩。因此A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

　　Suicide has been a cause of concern in most societies for a long time. The classical Greeks, for example, required people who wanted to kill themselves to get permission from the senate. While this law is not without humor by today's standards, it clearly shows an awareness of the problem in times gone by.

　　In today's society, suicide is much more prevalent than we want to admit. Why do people try to take their own lives?

　　The motives for suicide can be categorized into areas such as a failure, wrath(暴怒), the needfor attention, stress, and so on. However, the qualities of a person who wants to take his own life change from person to person, making it difficult to depict(描寫)the typical victim. To make the problem even more confusing, people will often camouflage(掩蓋)their true feelings, thus causing their friends to disregard problems that should be viewed as serious.

　　In theUnited States, a network of centers has been created to attempt to prevent suicides.People who are bitter, worded, or depressed are encouraged to contact workers at these centers. These workers, often trained volunteers, offer benevolent advice to the callers, trying to help the callers to see that suicide as a solutions to problems is an illusion. The accomplishments of these centers, insofar(到這個(gè)程度)as their effectiveness to reduce suicide is concerned, are minimal However, they have helped a lot of people with a wide variety of problems. So, in the somewhat amorphous(難以名狀的)area of man helping his fellow man, they are certainly a success.

　　6.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?

　　A.The classical Greeks did not know the existence of suicide

　　B.Suicide has always been prevalent in all parts of the world

　　C.In today's society, there are quite a number of people who commit suicide

　　D.Nowadays suicide is not as common as it was in the past

　　答案：C

　　解析：主題思想題。文章的大意是說在目前出現(xiàn)的自殺想象，引起自殺的原因以及提出解決的方法。很明顯在把握文章大意的同時(shí)就知道C是正確的。

　　7.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a motive for suicide?

　　A.Insanity

　　B.Pressure

　　C.The need for attention

　　D.Great anger

　　答案：A

　　解析：A的意思是荒唐的。第2段的第一句話說明了自殺的相關(guān)原因和動(dòng)機(jī)，A文章里面沒有涉及。

　　8.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A.People who want to take their own lives often disguise their feelings

　　B.It is difficult to describe what kind of people tend to commit suicide

　　C.Suicide has been a problem in most societies since ancient times

　　D.People who commit suicide all share certain characteristics

　　答案：D

　　解析：A在第一段的中間提到了，B自殺的動(dòng)機(jī)是很明顯的，并且作者列舉了幾個(gè)。C中的ancient times是說在古時(shí)候就有了，也不是正確地反映作者的表達(dá)。

　　9.The word "benevolent" means ( ).

　　A.relevant

　　B. kind

　　C. serious

　　D. effective

　　答案：B

　　解析：A是相關(guān)的意思，C是嚴(yán)重的意思，D是有效果的，有影響的。B的意思是好的慈善的意思。

　　10.The third paragraph mainly tells us that ( ).

　　A.a network of centers has been quite effective in reducing suicide

　　B.a network of centers has been quite successful in reducing suicide

　　C.people are making efforts to help those who tend to commit suicide and in a way, they are successful

　　D.in theUnited States, people who want to commit suicide call a network of centers to get help

　　答案：C

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。C的含義是說人們?cè)谂Φ貛椭切┫胱詺⒌娜?，在某種程度上他們已經(jīng)取得了一定的勝利。文章的最后一句就是這個(gè)意思?

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　　The market investigation is indispensable to sales promotion.They are closely related as the lips and teeth, so to speak.What you produce is for sale on the market. It would be impossible to succeed in selling a product without first investigating the market.

　　In the international market, goods on sale coming from different countries and suppliers are always facing keen competition. Under such circumstances, they will try everything possible to familiarize themselves with the market conditions.In making investigations, we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are offering on the market, what prices they are quoting(報(bào)價(jià)), what features their products have, who are their regular customers, etc. Then, how can we obtain such information? There are many channels that we ean make use of in doing this sort of work.The commercial counselor's offices of our embassies stationed abroad can help us in making market investigations.

　　Nowadays, our import and export corporations send their trade groups abroad every now and then. One of their purposes is to make market surveys on the spot.

　　Certainly, face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen are also important channels to get market information.The Chinese Export Commodities Fairs and some other fairs of similar nature as well as visits of foreign businessmen provide us with such opportunities.Of course, there are some other ways of making market investigations.

　　11.In making market investigation, one should ( ).

　　A.get enough information Concerned

　　B.advertise his products

　　C.produce high quality goods

　　D.none of the above

　　答案：A

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在文章的第二段可以找到。“在市場調(diào)查中我們應(yīng)該了解我們的對(duì)手生產(chǎn)類似產(chǎn)品的情況，他們的報(bào)價(jià)，他們產(chǎn)品的特征，誰是他們的固定消費(fèi)者等等。”隨后提到"Then, how can we obtain such information?"可見B.C.D都不符合題意，只有A能包括這些內(nèi)容。

　　12.The word "indispensable" in the first line means ( ).

　　A. impossible

　　B. essential

　　C. advisable

　　D. available

　　答案：B

　　解析：詞匯題。indispensable必不可少的，必須的，通常和介詞to連接。如：A computer is indispensable to modem office work.現(xiàn)代辦公沒有電腦不行。所以只有B的意思最接近。

　　13.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A.The relationship between market investigation and sales promotion is just as that of the lips and teeth

　　B.It is impossible to succeed in selling a product without market investigation

　　C.There are various ways of making market investigation

　　D.Production goes before market investigation

　　答案：D

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。D的意思是“生產(chǎn)先于市場調(diào)查”不符合文章的內(nèi)容。

　　14.Making market investigation is very important because ( ).

　　A.in market, goods on sale are numerous

　　B.every producer is facing keen competition

　　C.it can greatly promote sales

　　D.all of the above

　　答案：D

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段的內(nèi)容：“在國際市場上，來自世界各地的商品很多，商家面臨著激烈的競爭。在這種情況下，他們要想盡一切辦法來使自己熟悉市場，才能打開銷路。”所以只有D的內(nèi)容最全面。

　　15.All the following are channels to get market information EXCEPT ( ).

　　A.to have commercial counselor's offices of our embassies stationed abroad

　　B.to promote the quality of our own products

　　C.to send trade groups abroad every now and then

　　D.to have face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen

　　答案：B

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段末尾和第四段都談到了獲得市場信息的渠道一一駐外使館里設(shè)立商務(wù)參贊;經(jīng)常向國外派貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)：和外商進(jìn)行面對(duì)面的談判。惟獨(dú)沒有提到自己產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。所以B是錯(cuò)誤的。

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　　Animals seem to have the sense to eat when they are hungry and they do not eat more than their bodies need. It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles. When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin enriched fluid, the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it, even after the vitamins were switched to the clear water. In time, however, they broke the habit and went back to where the necessary vitamins were.

　　In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them. They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in. We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.

　　So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them.Apparently, there is a kind of "body wisdom", which hmnans soon lose.Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could.

　　Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits. Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs. So what people eat and how much they eat seem to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.

　　16.In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rat's drinking water to ( ).

　　A.encourage rats to drink vitamin-enriched water

　　B.find out rats preference in flavor

　　C.test whether rats know which drink is good for them

　　D.demonstrate that vitamins aretasteless

　　答案：C

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在文章第一段"It has been demonstrated that rats will, when given a choice over a period of time, prefer water with vitamins to water without vitamins even though there is no difference in taste or smell between the two water bottles."

　　17.The expression "the habit"( Line 6, Paragraph 1) refers to drinking water which ( ).

　　A.has no smell

　　B.is tasteless

　　C.has vitamins

　　D.is flavored

　　答案：D

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段的最后談到"When a fragrant flavor was added to the vitamin-enriched fluid.the rats did seem to develop a taste for it and kept drinking it…"所以句子中的habit實(shí)際上指的是老鼠喜歡喝有香味的水。所以D是正確答案。

　　18.According to the passage, adults eating habits differ from those of babies because ( ).

　　A.adults know better than babies what kind of food is good for their health

　　B.adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods

　　C.adults' eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs

　　D.adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns

　　答案：C

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第二段的最后一句"Babies managed to select well-balanced diet."和文章的第三段中："Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long established habits."可以看出成年人和嬰兒的飲食習(xí)慣的不同點(diǎn)在于：成年人的飲食習(xí)慣和他們的社會(huì)和文化習(xí)俗有關(guān)。

　　19.The author implied in the passage that most of us ( ).

　　A.eat a balanced diet

　　B.choose the food that is of nutrition

　　C.have the habits influenced by the surroundings

　　D.like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor

　　答案：C

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)上下文，我們可以知道，文章中并沒有提到“大多數(shù)人都有合理的飲食;選擇有營養(yǎng)的食物以及喜歡吃有香味的食品。”因此A、B、D都是錯(cuò)誤的。根據(jù)文章的最后一句："What people eat and how much they eat seem to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them."可以斷定“我們的飲食習(xí)慣受周圍環(huán)境的影響。”C是正確答案。

　　20.As far as their eating habits are concerned, babies and rats are similar in that ( ).

　　A.both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet

　　B.both prefer flavored food and drink

　　C.both have the same eating patterns

　　D.both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors

　　答案：A

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第二段的最后一句話："Babies managed to select well-balanced diet."和第三段的第一句話："So.in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what's best for them.Apparently, there is a kind of‘body wisdom'which humans soon lose."因此可以推斷：“嬰兒和老鼠飲食習(xí)慣的相同點(diǎn)在于他們都會(huì)選擇合理的飲食。”因此只有A最符合題意。

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