2018年3月成人英語三級備考綜合卷及答案：閱讀理解(1)

　　二、閱讀理解(11-30)

　　When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.

　　A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.

　　Consumers shoud complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.

　　Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立體聲音響)does not work."

　　The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers‘rights.

　　11.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ______.

　　A. complain personally to the manager

　　B. threaten to take the matter to court

　　C. write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase

　　D. show some written proof of the purchase to the store

　　答案：D

　　解析：答案D。本題答案在原文第一句中可以找到。它的大意是：當(dāng)顧客發(fā)現(xiàn)他(她)所買的商品有毛病或在其他方面未達到制造商所聲稱的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時，第一步就是將保單或其他有助于解決問題的記錄這家商店看。所以D“向這家商店出示書面證明”，與原文相符，是正確答案。而A“當(dāng)面向經(jīng)理申訴”，是在第一步中問題得不到解決時才使用，所以它不是此題答案。B“威脅將此事向法庭上訴”是在經(jīng)理未能解決問題，寫信給廠家也未能解決問題時才使用的方法，所以它也不是解決問題的第一步。C“給商店寫一封態(tài)度強硬的抱怨信”也是在第一步中問題得不到解決時才使用的。所以A.B.C均不是正確答案。

　　12.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to _______.

　　A. a shop assistant

　　B. the store manager

　　C. the manufacturer

　　D. a public organization

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。此題源于第二段。作者認為許多消費者使用的簡單而又常用的辦法是直接向商店經(jīng)理投訴。

　　13. The most effective complaint can be made by______.

　　A. showing the faulty item to the manufacturer

　　B. explaining exactly what is wrong with the item

　　C. saying firmly that the item is of poor quality

　　D. asking politely to change the item

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。原文第四段的大意是：當(dāng)顧客申訴商品有質(zhì)量問題時，態(tài)度要堅定、有禮貌，特別是如果消費者當(dāng)場演示就能最有效地達到申訴目的。不能當(dāng)場演示時也要提出比較具體的質(zhì)量間題。A、C、D三項都是泛泛地說質(zhì)量差、有毛病，而沒能說出該商品哪一個具體的部位有毛病，所以都不是最有效的解決問題的辦法。而B項“準(zhǔn)確解釋商品哪里有問題”與原文相符，是正確答案。

　　14. The phrase "live up to" (Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means ________.

　　A. meet the standard of

　　B. realize the purpose of

　　C. fulfil the demands of

　　D. keep the promise of

　　答案：A

　　解析：答案A。live up to所在句子的意思是：“當(dāng)顧客發(fā)現(xiàn)他所購買的商品有毛病或在某種程度上沒有達到制造商所聲稱的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時，…”。B項“實現(xiàn)(制造商所聲稱的)目的”，句意不通;C項“滿足(制造商所聲稱的)要求”;D項“履行(制造商所聲稱的)承諾”，C、D兩項均與原文意思不符。而A項“達到(制造商所聲稱的)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”正是原文 所表達的意思，所以是正確答案。

　　15. Tthe passage tells us _______.

　　A. how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item

　　B. how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item

　　C. how to avoid buying a faulty item

　　D. how to deal with complaints from customers

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。從全文看，作者向讀者推薦了幾種申訴偽劣商品的辦法，可見作者是站在顧客的立場上的。而A、D兩項是站在賣方的立場;C項在文章中未提到，所以它們都不是正確答案。B項“如何有效地申訴有質(zhì)量問題的商品”與原文意思相符是此題答案。

　　Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet(煎鍋)is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Stalwart lumber jacks and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000 calories per day or more will take approximately one third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflict those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within alimentary tract more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope(透視鏡), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum(格言)has been accepted no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so far as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.

　　We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably arose because an "oracle" suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.

　　16.This passage focuses on _______.

　　A. why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipment

　　B. the digestibility of fried foods

　　C. how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food Preparation

　　D. why fried food have long been frowned upon

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。本文講述的是煎炸食物的可消化性，故B項是正確的。

　　17.Apparently much fried food is eaten because ______.

　　A. it is easily prepared

　　B. people engaged in active labor need the calories that fat supplies

　　C. it is healthful

　　D. it is easily digested

　　答案：A

　　解析：答案A。根據(jù)文章第二句中的關(guān)健詞handiest作“最容易的”解，故A項是正確的。B項只是人們吃煎炸食物的一個現(xiàn)象，而不是原因。故B項是錯誤的。

　　18.The author strongly implies that the public should ________.

　　A. avoid fried foods if possible

　　B. prepare some foods by frying

　　C. fry foods intended for adults but not for children

　　D. prepare all foods by frying

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。根據(jù)全文，作者認為煎炸食物是能夠很多地被消化，而且油能加快消化，只是油不能過多食用。故B項是正確的。

　　19.When the author says that an "oracle suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried itemon the menu" he is being______.

　　A. bitter

　　B. sarcastic

　　C. inventive

　　D. humorous

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。根據(jù)文章，作者肯定了自己的觀點，選用oracle, authority等詞，以諷刺的口吻批判了一些傳統(tǒng)觀點，故選擇B項。

　　20.The selection was probably taken from _______.

　　A. a medical journey

　　B. a publication addressed to the general public

　　C. a speech at medical convention

　　D. an advertisement for cooking oil

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。文章中有科技術(shù)語，但醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語并不是很多，并能為廣大讀者所接受，如shillet, sizzle等等，所以排除A項、C項，全文也不是食油廣告，所以D項也是錯誤的。

　　In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum(鋁)cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it would be buried in landfills(垃圾填埋場). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.

　　Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc.

　　As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life-and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways, actually depress prices for used materials.

　　Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to saving of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.

　　21.What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?

　　A. Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.

　　B. Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.

　　C. A fee should be charge on used containers for recycling.

　　D. Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.

　　答案：D

　　解析：答案D。文章開頭指出，紐約政府下令飲料瓶要收押金。這句話其實可引申出兩層意思：一方面，消費者需要為飲料瓶付款;另一方面，當(dāng)他們送回飲料瓶時，他們可收回為飲料瓶所付的錢。D項表達了這兩層意思，A、C兩項文章未提到。B項不合題意。因此D項為正確答案。

　　22.The returned plastic bottles in New York used to _______.

　　A. end up somewhere underground

　　B. be turned into raw materials

　　C. have a second-life value

　　D. be separated from other rubbish

　　答案：A

　　解析：答案A。第一段指出，much of it would be buried in landfills，也就是說，許多塑料瓶被埋在垃圾填埋場，故A項正確。B項說“變成原材料”，第一段提到許多公司打算接受鋁罐和玻璃瓶作為新產(chǎn)品的原材料，但不包括塑料，故B項不對。第一段最后一句指出二手塑料用途少，因此C項也不對。D項文章未提到。因此A項為正確答案。

　　23.The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is ________.

　　A. to sell them at a profitable price

　　B. how to turn them into useful things

　　C. how to reduce their recycling costs

　　D. to lower the prices for used materials

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。第三段第二句指出，廢品將仍是廢品，直到有人能夠確定如何給它第二次生命，直到在第二次生命價值中考慮到經(jīng)濟安排?？梢娞幚砘厥盏乃芰巷嬃掀康年P(guān)鍵在于找到它們重新利用的價值及方法。因此B項為正確答案。

　　24.Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because ________.

　　A. local government find it easy to manage

　　B. recycling has great appeal for the jobless

　　C. recycling causes little pollution

　　D. other methods are more expensive

　　答案：D

　　解析：答案D。第四段第一句指出，填埋場地越來越少，填埋和燒毀垃圾的費用也在增加，因此政府看重回收。可見在處理垃圾時，政府首先想到回收是因為其他方式耗資太大。而且the East Coast這一例子也直接點明了回收利用是最便宜的垃圾處理方案。因此D項為正確答案。

　　25.It can be concluded from the passage that _______.

　　A. rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materials

　　B. local governments in the U. S. can expect big profits from recycling

　　C. recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally

　　D. landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal

　　答案：C

　　解析：答案C。在最后一段中，作者從兩方面論述了回收垃圾的好處，一是節(jié)約費用，二是有利于控制污染，保護環(huán)境。C項準(zhǔn)確地表達了這兩層含義。A、B兩項文章未提到。D項說法錯誤，因為政府在處理垃圾時首先想到的是回收利用，可見是回收而不是垃圾墳埋場將得到廣泛應(yīng)用。

　　If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe(衣柜)packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

　　Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.

　　No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability(耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.

　　When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusion to be drawn are obvious.Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.

　　26.Designers and big stores always make money______.

　　A. by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry

　　B. because they are capable of predicting new fashions

　　C. by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing

　　D. because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing

　　答案：C

　　解析：答案C。首段第二句說：因為婦女一想到穿著過時服裝在公眾場合下露面就渾身發(fā)抖，于是總是被時裝設(shè)計師和大商場捉弄。本句的暗含意義是，婦女不愿穿過時服裝，設(shè)計師和大商場也就利用她們的這一心理特點經(jīng)常改換時裝款式來賺大錢。C項內(nèi)容與此相符。

　　27.To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as _______.

　　A. a waste of money

　　B. a waste of time

　　C. an expression of taste

　　D. an expression of creativity

　　答案：B

　　解析：答案B。第二段第三句明確指出：Women…waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have.

　　28. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the _______ of clothing.

　　A. cost

　　B. appearance

　　C. comfort

　　D. suitability

　　答案：C

　　解析：答案C。第三段第二句批評設(shè)計師們很少關(guān)心保暖、舒適和耐用這些極為重要的事情。依此逆推，如果服裝師多注意一點“舒適”，作者自然會批評得少些，至少不會用第三段中的實例進行批評。

　　29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.

　　B. The constant changes in women‘s clothing reflect their strength of character

　　C. The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.

　　D. Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.

　　答案：A

　　解析：答案A。在解答第三十六題時我們已得出結(jié)論：設(shè)計師和大商場利用婦女不愿穿過時的衣服而賺錢，這就意味著服裝新的時髦式設(shè)計出來是為了賺錢。

　　30. By saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious"(S1, Para. 4), the writer means that _______.

　　A. women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughted at

　　B. women are better able to put up with discomfort

　　C. men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers

　　D. men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion

　　答案：D

　　解析：答案D。解答本題首先要知道將男女作了比較后得出了什么結(jié)論。這結(jié)論就是Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.結(jié)論的實質(zhì)就是D項內(nèi)容。

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