2021年成人英語三級考試閱讀理解練習(xí)題（六）

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Water Pollution

Water problem in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wasters, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for building wasters. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wasters, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.

There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wasters “prior to” disposal and the treatment of liquid wasters, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.

A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential; economic uses for their waste products.

1. The purpose of this passage is _____.

A. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems

B. to alert the reader the dwindling water supply

C. to explain industrial uses of water

D. to demonstrate various uses of water

2. Which of the following points is NOT included in the passage?

A. Expanding industries need larger volume of water.

B. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.

C. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.

D. Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processing.

3. The word “prior to” in Paragraph 2 probably mean____.

A. during B. after C. before D. beyond

4. The reader can conclude that_____.

A. Countries of the world will work together on pollution problems.

B. Some industries are now making economic use of wastes

C. Byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace

D. Science is making great progress on increasing water supplies

5. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of ____.

A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controls B. definitions which clarify important terms

C. opinions and personal observations D. strong arguments and persuasions

內(nèi)容提示與分析： 這是一篇介紹水污染以及水污染解決辦法的文章。全文可以分為兩個(gè)部分：第一部分主要介紹水污染越來越嚴(yán)重，比如人口劇增使城市污水增加，工業(yè)擴(kuò)大使含有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污水增加。為了解決這些問題，必須采取一定的方法;第二部分主要介紹了兩個(gè)解決方法，第一個(gè)方法是處理污水以降低其危害，廢水再利用。第二個(gè)方法是經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的利用污水。比如農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉和提供工業(yè)用水。

答案及分析：1. A分析：這篇文章主要介紹污水的現(xiàn)狀以及治理方法。A包含這層意思;B警告讀者要縮減水的供應(yīng)，原文沒有這個(gè)意思;C解釋水在工業(yè)上的應(yīng)用，太片面;D 演示水的不同用法，文中只是介紹污水的使用。故答案為A.

2. D分析：原文中“Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wasters,”剛好與答案D的論述相反，所以文章一定沒有包含D這個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。其他選項(xiàng)在文章中都可以找到。故答案為D。

3. C分析：按照常理推斷，處理污水應(yīng)該先過濾掉固體物質(zhì)，然后再對剩下的液體進(jìn)行處理，所以“prior to”一定是“在…之前”的意思，另外，在文章的第二段的末尾有“minimize pollution upon final disposal”,與前面的“disposal”相對應(yīng)，應(yīng)該可以分析出，這個(gè)“disposal”是“final”的，所以“prior to”是“在…之前”的意思。故答案為C。

4. B分析：這幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)說得都沒有錯(cuò)，但是能夠從文章中推斷出來的只有B。A文章沒有提及國家間的合作;C文章指說明副產(chǎn)品可以進(jìn)入市場，但是不一定會(huì)帶來市場的繁榮;D文章關(guān)于水供給的論述幾乎沒有，故答案為B。

5. C分析：從全文來看，作者只是在表達(dá)個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)以及陳述個(gè)人觀察的結(jié)果，并沒有采訪專家;也不是在爭論駁斥，勸服他人;更不是在界定一個(gè)重要的術(shù)語，故答案為C。

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