公共英語二級考試復(fù)習(xí)資料:就餐
第七課: 就餐
一.相關(guān)文化背景介紹
(一)關(guān)于神經(jīng)性厭食癥
神經(jīng)性厭食癥,也稱為厭食癥,它是一種病人自己有意造成的體重明顯下降至正常生理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體重以下,并極力維持這種狀態(tài)的一種心理障礙。神經(jīng)性厭食癥的主要癥狀是無休止境減少體重,懼怕體重增加,聞胖“色”變。雖然該病名稱為厭食癥,但此類病人并非沒有食欲,或更確切地講不是“吃不下飯”而是不敢吃。神經(jīng)性厭食癥會產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的營養(yǎng)不良,從而造成機(jī)體功能的下降,如嚴(yán)重貧血、心率慢、易感染,從而威脅到生命。
(二)關(guān)于餐館小費(fèi)的付法
由于各個(gè)國家和地區(qū)的文化傳統(tǒng)迥然有異,風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣更是復(fù)雜多樣,因此對小費(fèi)的態(tài)度自然也有不同。但總體上,這種做法是對服務(wù)人員的一種尊敬。如在中國??吹饺缦乱恍┳龇ǎ簬紊峡鄢棋X后的金額,取其20%作為侍者的小費(fèi),酒錢的8%作為送酒侍者的小費(fèi),最小金額為10元;如果領(lǐng)班為你找到一張?zhí)貏e好的桌子,給他20或50元;保管大衣的人10元,寄放東西給20元;如果女用洗手間管理員為你做了一些特別服務(wù),給她20元左右;看門的人幫你叫來出租車給10元或20元。
二、 課文講析
(一)詞匯
1 terrible 極壞的,很糟的
考點(diǎn):a terrible storm 一場可怕的風(fēng)暴 terrible responsibilities 極重大的責(zé)任
2 complain 控訴,抱怨
考點(diǎn):complain about sth 抱怨某事
3 overcharge 要價(jià)過高
4 apologize 謝罪,道歉
考點(diǎn):apologize for 為… …而道歉 apologize for oneself 為自己辯解或辯護(hù)
5 charge 要(價(jià)),收(費(fèi))
考點(diǎn):charge sb. for sth. 因… …向某人要價(jià)
6 disappoint 使失望
考點(diǎn):be disappoint in sb./sth. 對某人或某事失望
be disappoint of one’s purpose 目的落空
7 lay 放置
考點(diǎn):lay on 提供;給… …以責(zé)任,問題 lay out 布置;大道,擊倒
8 remove 去掉;移走
考點(diǎn):be removed from 與… …遠(yuǎn)離,與… …疏遠(yuǎn)
be removed from school 被開除,被勒令退學(xué)
9 escape 逃跑
考點(diǎn):escape from 從… …逃脫,幸免與
(三)短語
1 no wonder 怪不得
表示前面所說的原因?qū)е碌慕Y(jié)果,說話者有恍然大悟的感覺。
e.g. He is sick, no wonder he doesn’t come today!
No wonder he bought a new car! He got money from the prize.
2 show sb around 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀
around 后面通常接地點(diǎn),表示周圍的地區(qū)或建筑物。
e.g. Would you like to show me around the city ?
Sorry, I don’t have time to show you around my factory now .
3 be fond of 喜歡
后接名詞或動名詞,指“喜歡做某事”。
e.g. I am fond of playing basketball , how about you ?
John is fond of Chinese food very much .
4 spend some time doing sth 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事
后面必須接動名詞形式,不可接不定式。
e.g I spend a lot of time cleaning my room .
How much do you spend time reading this novel?
5 in the open air 在露天
如果是詞組in the air , 則意思完全不同,指“流行的;不確定的”。
e.g It’s funny to cook meals in the open air .
My schedule is still in the air .
(三)句型
1 A barbecue set usually has a tray four or five inches in depth, in which the charcoal burns, a metal grill to cover the tray, and several long metal rods, called skewers, which hold the food.
譯文:一套燒烤野餐餐具要有一個(gè)四五英寸深度的托盤,里面可以燒炭,一個(gè)金屬燒烤搭在托盤上,還有幾個(gè)長的金屬桿,被稱為烤肉桿,可以串著肉。
講解:詞組in depth 與名詞deepness 同義,指“深度”。In which 相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where,引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,修飾tray ,第二個(gè)which 修飾的是skewers .
e.g I like this bag very much , in which I can put many things .
2 Put little balls of paper among the charcoal so as to make a good fire , but wait until it is hot and smokeless before cooking .
譯文:把小的球狀物的紙團(tuán)放到木炭周圍是為了較好的燃燒,但是要一直等到木炭變紅、變熱和無煙的時(shí)候,才能燒烤。
講解:這是兩個(gè)祈使句,以動詞put 和wait 開頭。Until 等同于till 指“直到… …的時(shí)候”。So as to do st指“為了做某事”,相當(dāng)于in order to do sth 。
e.g. He studies hard so as to enter this famous university .
3 Although this barbecued meal , cooked and served in the open air , is
excellent by itself , there are two ways by which it might be improved .
譯文:雖然這個(gè)在露天燒烤,享用的野餐自身來說還是極好的,但有兩個(gè)方法或許可以改善它。
講解:cooked 和served 都是過去分詞做meal 的定語。By which 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,修飾ways 。by itself 指“本身”,by oneself 指“單獨(dú)地,獨(dú)自地”。
e.g. I went to Japan one year ago by myself .
三、 ??颊Z法
讓步狀語從句
1 表示讓步的狀語從句可以由although , even if , even though , whether 等詞引導(dǎo)。
e.g. We’ll try to finish the work in time though / although we are short of manpower .
Granted that they weren’t doing it in the right way , you weren’t right in taking everything on yourself.
You mustn’t be conceited even if you ‘re achieved great successes .
We’ll carry on the work whether we can get the machines we need .
2 由as , though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句表讓步,此時(shí)由as , though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句是表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞 、分詞、實(shí)義動詞提前)
e.g Exhausted though she was , there was no hope of her being able to sleep .
Poor as he was , he was honest .
Try as I might , I couldn’t lift the stone .
3 “no matter + 疑問句”或“疑問句 + ever ”亦可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,具有“不論”、“不管”的意思。
.e.g No matter what happened , Tom would not mind .
Whatever happened , Tom would not mind.
四、 口試必備用語
在飯店、餐館等場合就餐時(shí),侍者或朋友可以有如下詢問:
1 Will you have some beer , Mr wang ?
2 Can I give you something else , Madam ?
3 What would you like for eat ?
4 What would you like for dessert ?
5 Are you ready to order ?
6 Do you want some fruit ?
7 Do you want something to drink ?
根據(jù)自己的需要,作出相應(yīng)的回答。
1 I’d like some steak .
2 I’ll have some beer , please .
3 Yes , please . I want an apple .
4 A small glass of whisky , please .
5 No , thank you . I don’t need anything else .
6 I’d like to try this soup .
結(jié)帳時(shí)可以說:
1 Can I pay by credit card ?
2 Here you are .
3 Sorry , we only take cash .
4 Here is your charge . (環(huán)球網(wǎng)校獨(dú)家資料,如需轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處)
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