2014年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類A級模擬題:閱讀理解

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　　第四部分：閱讀理解(每題3分，共45分)

　　短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

　　The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight

　　You hear this：“No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing.Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.

　　Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.”

　　How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective，but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University，did a study of eight fat people.They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than 10 weeks，the subjects lost 45kg on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained.The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.

　　Thin people，however，suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.

　　This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.

　　The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range3.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.

　　詞匯：

　　skip/skIp/v.跳過 obese/Eu5bi:s/adi.肥胖的metabolic/metE5bClIk/adj.新陳代謝的 psychiatric/7saIkI5Atrik/adj.精神病的

　　abnormal/Ab5nC:ml/adj.異常的

　　注釋：

　　1. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.他們被給予一種流食配方，每天提供600熱卡。

　　2. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet.他們夢中吃食品，或是不是只吃規(guī)定的食品。

　　3. The findings alsoprovide evidence forsomething scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range.結(jié)論還證實了科學家認為是正確的一點，即每個人的體重有一個適當?shù)姆取?/P>

　　練習：

　　1. What determines your weight?

　　A)Your working manner.

　　B)Your eating habit.

　　C)Your life style.

　　D)Your genes.

　　2. What did Jules Hirsch do in his study?

　　A)He let the eight fat people skip supper.

　　B)He let the eight fat people skip breakfast.

　　C) He let the eight fat people run every morning and evening.

　　D)He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.

　　3. What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?

　　A)They went mad.

　　B)They killed themselves.

　　C) They were back to normal weight.

　　D)They attempted suicide.

　　4. What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do?

　　A)Battle their genetic inheritance.

　　B)Increase their weight.

　　C)Stay at home.

　　D)Lower their weight.

　　5. What did scientists think was true?

　　A)Each person has a fixed weight range.

　　B)Each person has a weight range of 9 kg.

　　C)Each person wants to control his weight.

　　D)Each person wants to eat to his heart’s content.

　　答案與題解：

　　1. D 問題問的是：什么決定了你的體重?A說的是：你的工作方式。B說的是：你的吃飯習慣。C說的是：你的生活風格。D說的是：你的基因。正確答案是D。第一段中有這么一句話：Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.你的基因而不是你的生活習慣決定了你的體重，因此你的身體總是試圖保持它。

　　2. D 問題問的是：Jules Hirsch在他的研究中做了什么?A說的是：他讓八個胖子不吃晚飯。B說的是：他讓八個胖子不吃早飯。C說的是：他讓八個胖子早晚都跑步。D說的是：他給八個胖子一種每天提供600熱卡的流食配方。D是正確的。第三段有這么一句話：They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.他們被給予一種流食配方，每天提供600熱卡。

　　3. C 問題問的是：八個胖子出院后怎么啦? A說的是：他們發(fā)瘋了。B說的是：他們自殺了。C說的是：他們又回到了原來的體重。D說的是：他們試圖自殺。C是正確的。第四段的最后一句話是這樣的：But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.研究結(jié)束幾個月后，他們的體重又回到了原來的樣子并保持不變。

　　4. B 問題問的是：Ethan Sims讓他的調(diào)查對象干什么? A說的是：跟他們的基因遺傳物做斗爭。B說的是：增加他們的重量。C說的是：呆在家里。D說的是：減少體重。第四段有一個句子是這么說的：Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight.Vermont大學的Ethan Sims讓犯人自愿增加體重?？梢夿是正確的答案。

　　5. A 問題問的是：科學家認為什么是對的? A說的是：每個人的體重都有一個適當?shù)姆?。B說的是：每個人的體重幅度是9公斤。C說的是：每個人都想控制自己的體重。D說的是：每個人都想吃得高興。正確答案是A。最后一段的第一句話是這么說的：The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has acomfortable weight range.結(jié)論還證實了科學家認為是正確的一點，即每個人的體重有一個適當?shù)姆取?/P>