2014年職稱英語(yǔ)(理工類)教材補(bǔ)全短文文章及譯文7

　　Time in the Animal World

　　Rhythm controls everything in Nature. ____1____

　　The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attxacSon causes the rising of the tide. ____2____When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugal force causes the second tide of the day.

　　Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes, to avoid being stranded and dying of dehydration. Since the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying eggs1 at the seaside in a set way2. To avoid predator fish3，the eggs are always far from seawater and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon4. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured. ____3____

　　Most of the mammals, either the giant elephant or the small shrew, have the same average total number of heartbeats in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight hundred million heartbeats5 throughout their life. The African elephant has a pulse rate of 25 beats per minute, and a life span6 of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life. ____4____

　　As we get older, our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body. The elderly spend more time resting, and do few sports. ____5____ For a child, a week is seen as a long time.

　　詞匯：

　　rhythm .節(jié)奏 slap 拍擊

　　exert 施加 gravitational 重力作用的

　　centrifugal 離心力的 strand 使擱淺

　　dehydration 脫水 dinosaur 恐龍

　　king crab n.鱟 predator食肉動(dòng)物

　　shrew ?? tempo 節(jié)奏，速度

　　pulse 脈搏 span 跨度 physiological 生理的

　　注釋：

　　1.laying eggs：產(chǎn)卵

　　2.in a set way ：以一種固有的方式

　　3.predator fish：食肉魚(yú)

　　4.undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon：經(jīng)受與月亮周期有關(guān)的巨大變化。related to the cycles of the moon是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾changes。

　　5.eight hundred million heartbeats：8億次心跳

　　6.life span：一生

　　練習(xí)：

　　A　For an adult, time goes fast year by year.

　　B　It controls, for example, the flapping of birds, wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun.

　　C　The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is.

　　D　The tide goes out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker.

　　E　We always tend to think all the animals have the same sense of time as human beings.

　　F　The second spring tide takes them back to the sea.

　　答案與題解：

　　1.B　“空1”前面的句子“Rhythm controls everything in Nature”是主題句?！翱?”的句子應(yīng)該是陳述主題句的細(xì)節(jié)。選項(xiàng)B的“It controls, for example, the flapping of birds’ wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun”是主題句的例解。controls是兩個(gè)句子的詞匯連接手段，兩個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容也連貫，所以B是答案。

　　2.D　“空2”前面兩句說(shuō)，月亮對(duì)大海施加力量和影響，其地心吸力造成漲潮?！翱?”后的句子涉及第二次漲潮?？梢酝茢啵挥谶@兩個(gè)句子之間的“空2”的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與大海和潮汐有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)D說(shuō)的是退潮，因此是答案。

　　3.F　第三段說(shuō)到生長(zhǎng)在潮汐地區(qū)的動(dòng)物具有預(yù)測(cè)潮汐的本能。然后舉king crab為例。鱟遠(yuǎn)離海岸產(chǎn)卵，并將之埋在沙下，防止食肉魚(yú)吞食。到第二次春潮來(lái)臨時(shí),小鱟已破殼而出?！翱?”應(yīng)該填什么呢?選項(xiàng)F出現(xiàn)second spring，這是與上一句聯(lián)系的信號(hào)。再看內(nèi)容，它是上一句意思的自然發(fā)展，所以F是答案。

　　4.C　第四段說(shuō)到哺乳動(dòng)物不管壽命長(zhǎng)短、體形大小，其一生心跳總次數(shù)大致相同。作者以體形大、壽命長(zhǎng)的大象和體形小、壽命短的shrew(??)為例說(shuō)明。本段倒數(shù)第二句是結(jié)論：The size of the body determines the speed of life?！翱?”應(yīng)該填什么呢?估計(jì)應(yīng)該與上述結(jié)論有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C的“The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo is”是對(duì)上一句的結(jié)論的細(xì)化說(shuō)明，所以C是答案。

　　5.A　第五段說(shuō)到隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，生理變化會(huì)影響人的時(shí)間感。“空5”前面一句說(shuō)到老人，“空5”后面一句說(shuō)到小孩。由此可以判斷，“空5”的內(nèi)容會(huì)涉及另一個(gè)年齡段。選項(xiàng)A說(shuō)了一個(gè)成年段，所以A是答案。

　　譯文：動(dòng)物界中的時(shí)間

　　節(jié)奏控制著自然界中的一切事物。例如，它控制著鳥(niǎo)類拍擊翅膀、心跳和日出與日落。

　　太陽(yáng)為所有的生物，包括人類，提供了一個(gè)基本的時(shí)間節(jié)奏。幾乎所有的動(dòng)物都受到太陽(yáng)周期的影響并隨其在體內(nèi)形成了一個(gè)生物鐘。月亮也對(duì)大海施加力量和影響，其地心引力造成漲潮。當(dāng)月亮移走、引力比較弱的時(shí)候，就會(huì)發(fā)生退潮。當(dāng)月亮位于地球另一面的時(shí)候，離心力就會(huì)引起這一天中的第二次漲潮。

　　生長(zhǎng)在潮汐地區(qū)的動(dòng)物具有預(yù)測(cè)潮汐的本能，以免被擱淺而死于脫水。從恐龍時(shí)代開(kāi)始，鱟就以一種故有的方式在海邊產(chǎn)卵。為了防止食肉魚(yú)吞食，它們常常原理海岸產(chǎn)卵，并用沙子把卵保護(hù)起來(lái)。在接下來(lái)的兩個(gè)月，這些卵經(jīng)受與月亮周期巨大變化。當(dāng)?shù)诙未撼眮?lái)臨時(shí)，小鱟已破殼而出，這次漲潮會(huì)把它們帶回到大海。

　　大多數(shù)哺乳動(dòng)物，無(wú)論是大象還是??，其一生心跳的總數(shù)大致相同。??只有兩年半的生命，它們以高速度和快節(jié)奏度過(guò)短暫的生命。像??這種脈搏每分鐘跳動(dòng)600次的動(dòng)物，一生心跳總數(shù)平均為8億次。非洲大象的脈搏每分鐘跳動(dòng)25此，它們的平均壽命為60年。體形的大小決定生命的速度，動(dòng)物的體形越大，它們的壽命就越長(zhǎng)，生命節(jié)奏也就越慢。

　　隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，身體的生理變化就會(huì)影響我們的時(shí)間感。老年人花費(fèi)較多時(shí)間休息，他們較少做運(yùn)動(dòng)。對(duì)成年人來(lái)說(shuō)，時(shí)間一年一年地過(guò)得很快，一周時(shí)間唄看作很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。