2017年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類模擬練習(xí)四
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【摘要】2017年職稱英語考試備考進行中，網(wǎng)校為幫助大家備考特分享了“2017年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類模擬練習(xí)四”，希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關(guān)，更多資料敬請關(guān)注環(huán)球職稱英語考試頻道！
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完形填空：
Animal’s “Sixth Sense”
A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, 1 , seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that1 they possess a “sixth sense” for 2 , experts said.
Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast clearly 3 wild beasts, with no dead animals found.
“No elephants arc dead, not 4 a dead rabbit. I think animals can 5 disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,” H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The 6 washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife 7 and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.
“There has been a lot of 8 evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior 9 at Johannesburg Zoo. “There have been no_10_ studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting2,” he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this 11 . “Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain 12 , especially birds … there are many reports of birds
detecting impending disasters,” said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife. Animals 13 rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger slid as predators. The notion of an animal “sixth sense” — or 14 other mythical power is an enduring one3 which the
evidence on Sri Lanka’s ravaged coast is likely to add to. The Romans saw owls 15 omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special power or attributes.
練習(xí)：
1.A therefore B however C although D whatever
2.A shelters B foods C disasters D water
3.A missed B protected C raised D caught
4.A such B too C so D even
5.A feel B see C hear D sense
6.A waves B tides C winds D rivers
7.A birthplaces B playground C reserve D storage
8.A experimental B apparent C scientific D chemical
9.A specialist B assistant C supporter D sponsor
10.A additional B specific C especial D exceptional
11.A modification B detection C assessment D value
12.A route B behavior C principle D phenomenon
13.A unwillingly B occasionally C doubtfully D certainly
14.A some B much C many D few
15.A on B as C for D in
1. adds weight to notions that：更加相信……
2. field setting：field意為“實地，野外”， setting意為“環(huán)境”。 field setting可譯為“野外環(huán)境”。
3. enduring one：由來已久的信念。 one指代在句首出現(xiàn)的， noiton enduring意為“持久的，永久的”。練習(xí)：
答案與題解 :
1. B 第一句說的是海嘯造成了巨大的人員傷亡，第二句說的是動物能逃脫海嘯的襲擊。兩句意思相反，所以要用 however以承接上文。
2. C上文說的是：海嘯是一種自然災(zāi)害，所以“ sixth sense”范圍只能是 disasters，不能是 shelters，foods或 water。
3. A 本句繼續(xù)在對比海嘯造成的人員傷亡和動物能逃脫海嘯這一現(xiàn)象。答案應(yīng)該是選項 A (missed)。其他三個選項的詞義與上下文都不相配。
4. D從上下文判斷，本句的意思應(yīng)該是：沒有大象死亡，甚至連一只野兔或兔子也沒有死。“甚至”的英語詞是 even。
5. D 全文說的是動物的第六感覺，而 feel(觸覺)，see，hear都屬于前五個感覺，所以不是正確答案。
6. A 本句說的是海的巨浪將洪水帶到離海岸遠(yuǎn)達 2英里的地方。正確答案應(yīng)該是 waves。
7. C 從上下文判斷，本句的意思應(yīng)該是： Yala國家公園是斯里蘭卡野生動物昀大的保護區(qū)，而 birthplaces(出生地)、playground (操場)和 storage(儲存)都與上下文表達的意思接不上，因此不是答案。 reserve的意思是“保護區(qū)”不是“儲備”或“保留”。因此，選項 C是答案。
8. B 下一句說，這些跡象 (evidence)并沒有被證實。因此，這些跡象不可能是 scientific的。而 experimental和 chemical的詞義與上下文不配合，因此也不是答案。只有 apparent(明顯的)與上下文的意思相配。 apparent的跡象還需得到科學(xué)的驗證。
9. A 在動物園里工作并發(fā)表對動物行為的專業(yè)性見解的人一定是老師學(xué)者 (specialist)。其他的三個選項都不合適。
10. B本段的第一句是說明為什么 evidence沒有得到科學(xué)驗證。原因是科學(xué)家無法在實驗室或野外進行特定的實驗，以驗證動物預(yù)見災(zāi)難的第六感覺。理解了上下文的意思，就知道選 specific是昀合適的。其他三個選項的詞義與上下文不符合， additional，especial和 exceptional分別是“額外的”、“特別的”和“例外的”的意思。
11. C concurred with(同意)支配的賓語應(yīng)該是 view，opinion，judgment這一類詞。前面句子說的是某位科學(xué)家指出無法驗證動物預(yù)見災(zāi)難的第六感覺的困難所在，其他老師也同意這一看法，所以選 assessment是正確的。
12. D 本句說提動物特別是鳥有捕捉災(zāi)難來臨前某些征兆的能力。 route (路線)、behavior (行為)和 principle (原則)與上述意思相去甚遠(yuǎn)，只有 phenomenon是答案。
13. D 根據(jù)常識判斷，動物是要信賴味覺、聽覺等逃避食肉動物的攻擊。 Unwillingly(不情愿地)、 occasionally (偶爾)、doubtfully(懷疑地)與上述意思有悖，只有 certainly是合適選項。
14. A 從本句的意思判斷，應(yīng)該是“某種神奇的能力”，所以要選 some。
15. B本句的意思是“將…看成”，而英語的用詞是 see … as，所以要選 as
環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示：2017年職稱英語考試即將開始報名，本文整理“2017年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類模擬練習(xí)四”供考生參考練習(xí)。如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問，請登錄環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱英語頻道及職稱英語論壇，我們隨時與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!
【摘要】2017年職稱英語考試備考進行中，網(wǎng)校為幫助大家備考特分享了“2017年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類模擬練習(xí)四”，希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關(guān)，更多資料敬請關(guān)注環(huán)球職稱英語考試頻道！
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閱讀判斷
Stage Fright
Fall down as you come onstage. That’s an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,2 Mr. Feltsman said, “ All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?”
Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind.3
Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out,4 to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don’t deny that you’re jittery，they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.
Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before performance, “Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile,’’ she says. “And not one of these ‘please don’t kill me’ smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them.” She doesn’t want performers to think of the audience as a judge.
Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright，says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.
When Lynn Harrell was 20，he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought,‘ If I have to go through this to play music, I think I’m going to look for another job.”5 Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible，and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.6
It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz’s nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. “They had to push him on stage,” Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.
Actually，success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career, when you’re scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don’t have any expectations,” Soprano June Anderson said. “There’s less to lose. Later on, when you’re known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose.”
Anderson added，“I never stop being nervous until I’ve sung my last note.”
詞匯：
veteran 經(jīng)驗豐富的 jittery 緊張不安的
mentor 指導(dǎo)者 soprano 女高音;女高音歌手
cellist 大提琴演奏家 abdominal 腹部的
fallible 易犯錯誤的 tenor 男高音
注釋：
1.Stage Fright：舞臺恐懼
2.The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic…資深大提琴家Mstislav Rostropovich故意把Vladimir Feltsman絆倒，因而治愈了他的上臺前的恐懼癥。cure somebody of something (illness, problem)：醫(yī)治好病(解決問題)
3.… its symptoms：icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind：舞臺恐懼的癥狀有手冰涼、身體顫抖、心跳加快和大腦一片空白。
4.Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out ：老師和心理學(xué)家提出了方方面面的建議，一些基礎(chǔ)知識，比如將演奏曲目爛熟于心…… inside out： in great detail詳細(xì)地，從里到外地
5.I came to a point where I thought，“If I have to go through this to play music, I think I’m going to look for another job. ”我曾經(jīng)一度認(rèn)為，如果搞音樂就必須經(jīng)過克服舞臺恐懼這一關(guān)的話，這項工作不能做。
6.Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.不舞臺恐懼意味著提高謙卑感，即認(rèn)識到不管你多有才，你也會出錯，一個有瑕疵的音樂會也絕對不是世界末日。
練習(xí)：
1.Falling down onstage was not a good way for Vladimir Feltsman to deal with his stage fright.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2.There are many signs of stage fright.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3.Teachers and psychologists cannot help people with extreme -stage fright.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4.To perform well on stage, you need to have some feelings of excitement.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5.If you have stage fright, it's helpful to have friendly audience.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6.Often people have stage fright because parents or teachers expect too much of them.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7.Famous musicians never suffer from stage fright.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案與題解：
1.B 本文第一段講的是鋼琴家Vladimir Feltsman被Mstislav Rostropovich絆倒后，他的舞臺恐懼被治愈了的故事。
2.A 第二段的最后一句點出舞臺恐懼的諸多癥狀為手冰涼、身體顫抖、心跳加快和大腦一片空白。
3.B 本文的第三、四、五、六段都在講老師和心理學(xué)家為舞臺恐懼者提供全方位的建議。
4.A 依據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句：some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing.(表演中激情是自然甚至是必要的)
5.C 第四段提到克服舞臺恐懼的方法之一是：在觀眾中選擇三位友好的面孔，與他們用眼光交流。所以克服舞臺恐懼要靠自己而不是指望所有的觀眾都友好。
6.A 第五段講了舞臺恐懼的根源在于指導(dǎo)者或父母對表演者要求太高。extreme demands就是expect too much of them的意思。
7.B 第七段講的是：不只年輕藝術(shù)家有舞臺恐懼癥，鋼琴家Vladimir Horowitz和男高音Franco Corelli亦不能幸免。Never一詞不恰當(dāng)。
環(huán)球網(wǎng)校友情提示：2017年職稱英語考試即將開始報名，本文整理“2017年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類模擬練習(xí)四”供考生參考練習(xí)。如果您在此過程中遇到任何疑問，請登錄環(huán)球網(wǎng)校職稱英語頻道及職稱英語論壇，我們隨時與廣大考生朋友們一起交流!
【摘要】2017年職稱英語考試備考進行中，網(wǎng)校為幫助大家備考特分享了“2017年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類模擬練習(xí)四”，希望備考2017年職稱英語考試的考生都能順利通關(guān)，更多資料敬請關(guān)注環(huán)球職稱英語考試頻道！
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補全短文
Why Would They Falsely Confess?
Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people, it just doesn't seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (審訊) room. Under the right conditions, people's minds are susceptible(易受影響的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings (盤問) is enormous.46"The pressure is important to understand, because, otherwise, it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn't do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn't do. 47 The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.
Redlich's findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess:59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. 48 Of the 15-to-16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-tol3-year-olds.
"There's no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, Professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. 49 Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation--not hours of aggressive questioning-- and still, most participants falsely confessed. Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation.50
A. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."
C. "It's a little like somebody's working on them with a dental (牙齒的) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D. "But adults are highly vulnerable too."
E. How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didn't do?
F. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
46.C。這一段談的是pressure方面的事。請注意在這個空格后面是一段引言，但沒有原說話人的名字，這也給我們提示，在填入部分里應(yīng)該有原說話人的名字，這樣可以考慮的有B、C、F三個選項。從內(nèi)容上進一步考慮，應(yīng)選C。
47.A。這里填入的部分是對Redlich所做試驗的描述，下文又講到計算機，所以不難確定選A。
48.F。這一段講的是Redlich試驗的結(jié)果，一開始就講了她的finding，填入的部分里有also這個詞，正好接上。而后面的一句話則用更具體的數(shù)據(jù)來支持她的結(jié)論：越年輕，越可能做假供。
49.D。Saul Kassin同意Redlich的結(jié)果，她認(rèn)為年輕人風(fēng)險大(more at risk)，但同時她又認(rèn)為成年人也十分脆弱(vulnerable)。
50.B。由于在審訊過程中受到壓力，許多人認(rèn)為做假供是一種擺脫厄境的方法，因而也是一種合理的決定。
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閱讀理解
Memory Class
Stan Field knows what age can do to a person's memory,and he's not taking any chances with his.He chooses his food carefully and gets plenty of exercise.He also avoids stress,coca cola and cigarette smoke.What's more,at breakfast each morning,the 69-year-old chemical engineer swallows a plateful of pills in the hope of boosting his brain power.
Michelle Arnove is less than half Field's age,but no less concerned about her
memory.While working round the clock to finish a degree in film studies,the 33-year-old New Yorker had the alarming sensation that she had stopped retaining anything."I couldn't even remember names," she says."1 thought,'Oh no,I'm over 30.It's all downhill from here." Besides loading up on supplements,Arnove signed up for a memory-enhancing course at New York's Mount Siani Medical Center.And when she got there,she found herself surrounded by people who were just as worried as she was.
For millions of Americans,and especially for baby boomers (生育高峰期出生的人),the demands of the Information Age conflict with a sense of declining physical power."When boomers were in their 30s and 40s,they launched the fitness boom," says Cynthia Green,the psychologist who teaches Mount Sinai's memory class."Now we have the mental-fitness boom.Memory is the boomers' new life-crisis issue." And of course a major marketing opportunity.The demand for books and seminars has never been greater,says Jack Lannom,a Iongtime memory trainer whose weekly TV show,
"Mind Unlimited," goes out to 33 million homes on the Christian Network.Anxious consumers are rushing to buy do-it-yourself programs and supplement makers are trying to sell everything but sawdust (木屑) as a brain booster.
But before you get out your checkbook,a few questions are in order.Does everyday forgetfulness signal declining brain function? Is "megamemory" (超強記憶) a realistic goal for normal people? And if you could have a perfect memory,would you really want it? Until recently,no one could address those issues with much authority,but our knowledge of memory is exploding.New techniques are revealing how different parts of the brain interact to preserve meaningful experiences.Biologists are trying to understand the underlying (潛在的) chemical processes and neuroscientists (神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家) are discovering how age,stress ,and other factors can disrupt them.No one is close to finding the secret to perfect recall,but as you'll see,that may be just as well.
11.What does Stan Field take at breakfast?
A.Food only.
B.Food and pills.
C.Nothing.
D.A.plateful of pills only.
12.What is the meaning of "working round the clock"?
A.Repairing clocks.
B.Making clocks.
C.Working with a clock nearby.
D.Working day and night.
13.Many baby-boomers living in the Information Age feel that
A.their financial status is declining.
B.their political influence is declining.
C.their physical power is declining.
D.their will power is declining.
14.Which of the following does NOT indicate people's enhanced awareness of the importance of memory?
A.More demand for books on memory.
B.More demand for seminars on memory.
C.More demand for memory-enhancing supplements.
D.More demand for coca cola and cigarettes.
15.According to the writer， the secret to perfect memory
A.has been found.
B.will never be found.
C.was found a long time ago.
D.is not in sight yet.
答案：11.B 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.D
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