2019翻譯資格考試catti二級(jí)口譯試題二

漢譯英

科技對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)

在農(nóng)業(yè)科技領(lǐng)域，中國(guó)不斷縮小與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的差距，科技進(jìn)步對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)率已由1949年的20%上升到現(xiàn)在的42%。1農(nóng)業(yè)科技部門在生物技術(shù)、高新技術(shù)、基礎(chǔ)研究方面均取得較大進(jìn)展，植物細(xì)胞和組織培養(yǎng)、單倍體育種及其應(yīng)用研究處于世界先進(jìn)地位。2兩系法品種間雜交水稻、雜交玉米育種以及多熟種植技術(shù)等方面，已達(dá)到或接近世界先進(jìn)水平。

大豆雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)利用研究也獲得重大突破。31949年以來(lái)，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家共培育出40多種農(nóng)作物，近5000個(gè)高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、抗性強(qiáng)的新品種，使主要農(nóng)作物品種更新四至五次，每更新一次，一般增產(chǎn)10%至30%。4目前，中國(guó)糧食作物單產(chǎn)已由1950年的1.16噸/公頃增加到4.40噸/公頃，提高了1.8倍。5被國(guó)際上譽(yù)為“雜交水稻之父”的中國(guó)科學(xué)家袁隆平，在雜交水稻方面的研究成果改寫了二十世紀(jì)后半葉中國(guó)水稻耕作的歷史，也為解決全人類的“口糧”問(wèn)題作出了卓越貢獻(xiàn)。6現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)雜交水稻的優(yōu)良品種已占全國(guó)水稻種植面積的51010，平均增產(chǎn)20%。，7國(guó)家有關(guān)部門先后組織實(shí)施了星火計(jì)劃、重大成果推廣計(jì)劃、豐收計(jì)劃、燎原計(jì)劃等直接面向農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的科技計(jì)劃，把先進(jìn)的科技成果送到農(nóng)村去，對(duì)促進(jìn)農(nóng)民科技素質(zhì)的提高作用卓著。8與此同時(shí)，農(nóng)業(yè)部門從世界各地引進(jìn)農(nóng)作物品種、苗木10多萬(wàn)份，并選育了水稻、玉米、小麥等作物的新品種。9許多新的先進(jìn)技術(shù)也得以在生產(chǎn)中廣泛應(yīng)用。10

詞匯

1.生物技術(shù)bio-technology

2.植物細(xì)胞和組織培養(yǎng)cultivation of plant cells and tissues

3.單倍體育種haploid breeding

4.兩系法品種間雜交水稻bilinear hybrid rice

5.雜交玉米育種hybrid corn breeding

6.多熟種植multi-crop planting

7.大豆雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)利用the utilization of the advantages of hybrid beans

8.農(nóng)作物crop

9.高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、抗性強(qiáng)的新品種high-yield, good-quality varieties with strong resistance

10.“雜交水稻之父 "Father of Hybrid Rice"

11.苗木nursery stocks

注釋

1.縮小差距：通常譯為narrow the gap ( with)。貢獻(xiàn)率：contribution rate，注意漢語(yǔ)原文中的“現(xiàn)在”不必譯出，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)已經(jīng)清楚地表明了這一點(diǎn)。另外，原文是一句，參考譯文分譯成兩句，這樣較為平實(shí)自然。如譯成一句，可譯為：In its constant efforts to narrow its gap with the advanced countries in the sphere of agricultural science and technology, China has increased the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress from 20percent in 1949 to 42 percent.

2.世界先進(jìn)水平：通常譯為world advanced level。請(qǐng)注意這個(gè)詞組與動(dòng)詞的搭配。“處于”和“達(dá)到”(世界先進(jìn)水平)這里都用了reach，但是“處于”只能用完成時(shí)，“達(dá)到”則也可以用一般時(shí)。如：

a) China's information technology will reach world advanced level in a few years.

幾年后中國(guó)的信息技術(shù)將達(dá)到世界先進(jìn)水平。

3.科學(xué)技術(shù)的“突破”通常譯為breakthrough，如a breakthrough in medicine/a medical a major breakthrough(醫(yī)學(xué)上的突破)。“大豆雜種優(yōu)勢(shì)利用研究”有人譯為the research of making use of the advantages of hybrid beans，但making use of極為勉強(qiáng)，因?yàn)閞esearch后面通常跟介詞on加相關(guān)的名詞(或名詞化了的動(dòng)詞)。這里如果逐字譯出，也只能譯為the research on the utilization(或use)of the advantages of hybrid beans。后面的參考譯文中省去了research -詞，更為簡(jiǎn)潔。

4.農(nóng)作物品種的“更新”通常用renovate，不能用renew，5.“增加到”通常譯為increase(from.,.)to…本句也可譯為：The per-hectare yield of grain crops has increased by 180%，from l.16 tons in 1950 to 4.82 tons.倍數(shù)的譯法請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)Skills of Translation部分。

6.本句在詞序方面略作調(diào)整，把“在雜交水稻方面的研究成果”的譯文提前，一方面先介紹袁隆平為什么會(huì)被譽(yù)為“雜交水稻之父”，對(duì)普通英語(yǔ)讀者更容易接受，另一方面為后面的譯文減輕了“負(fù)擔(dān)”，讀來(lái)更為順暢。另外，“解決人類的口糧問(wèn)題”有人譯為…

(to) solving the issue of mankind's grain ration，犯了三個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。一、需要解決和克服的“問(wèn)題”，應(yīng)譯為problem;issue指人們?cè)谟懻摰幕蛴袪?zhēng)議的“問(wèn)題”，二者不可混為一談;二、“口糧”即糧食，而grain ration大概指我國(guó)糧食匱乏年代的定量配給;三、英語(yǔ)中contribution to后面必須跟名詞形式，動(dòng)名詞形式隱含著某個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以在這里不能使用。

7.這里譯文中增加了短語(yǔ)Thanks to his contributions.表達(dá)了原文的隱含意義。不然本句與上文的聯(lián)系就斷了。

8.這里“組織實(shí)施”只要譯出“實(shí)施”的意思即可，如逐字譯成organised the implementation，反而有畫蛇添足之嫌。“促進(jìn)農(nóng)民科技素質(zhì)的提高”應(yīng)理解為“促進(jìn)對(duì)農(nóng)民的科技教育”，其中“農(nóng)民的科技素質(zhì)”如譯成farmers' sci-tech quality，不太符合英語(yǔ)的思維和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

9.“從世界各地引進(jìn)”用import 一詞足矣，沒(méi)有必要再添from various countries and regions of the world，徒增累贅。在英語(yǔ)里，凡是上下文中已經(jīng)表達(dá)清楚的意義，通常不必說(shuō)得太白。

10.“得以廣泛應(yīng)用”有人譯為have been extensively applied。這里改為have found extensive application，更為自然貼切。在較為正式的文體中，常常需要把漢語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞用英語(yǔ)的名詞形式譯出。

參考譯文

The Contribution of Science and Technology to Agriculture

In the sphere of agricultural science and technology, China has been narrowing its gap with the advanced countries. The contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to China's agriculture has increased from 20 percent in 1949 to 4.2 percent. The sci-tech agricultural departments have made tremendous progress in bio-technology, new and high technology and basic research, and the cultivation of plant cells and tissues, haploid breeding and the research on its application have already reached world advanced level. Bilinear hybrid rice, hybrid corn breeding, and multi-crop planting technologies have reached or got close to world advanced level.

In addition, an important breakthrough has been made in the utilization of the advantages of hybrid beans.

Since 1949, Chinese agricultural scientists have bred over 40 new crops, including nearly 5,000 high-yield, good-quality varieties with strong resistance. Thus the major crops have been renovated four to five times, with an increase of yield by 10 to 30 percent each time. The per-hectare yield of grain crops has increased from l. 16 tons in 1950 to 4.82 tons, an increase of over 1.8 times.

The Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, who is internationally renowned as "Father of Hybrid Rice" for his tremendous achievements in the breeding of hybrid rice, has rewritten China's history of rice cultivation in the second half of the 20th century and has made extraordinary contributions to the solution of mankind's "food" problem. Thanks to his contributions, 51 percent of China's paddy-fields is used to grow fine varieties of hybrid rice, with an average increase of 20 percent in yield.

To spread advanced sci-tech achievements to the countryside, relevant government departments have carried out a number of sci-tech programs directly geared to the economic development of rural areas, such as the Spark Program, the Promotion Plan of important Scientific Achievements, the Bumper Harvest Plan, and the Prairie Fire Program, which have played an important role in promoting farmers' sci-tech education.

Meanwhile, agricultural departments have imported more than 100,000 crops and nursery stocks, and have cultivated a number of new varieties of rice, corn and wheat. Many advanced technologies have found extensive application in agricultural production.

練習(xí)

1.中國(guó)人多地少，僅有全球7%的耕地，卻有全球五分之一的人口要吃飯。

2.現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)糧食、棉艷、油菜籽、煙葉、肉類、蛋類、水產(chǎn)品、蔬菜產(chǎn)量均居世界首位。

3.這種新品種耐寒、耐旱，適合在中國(guó)北方生長(zhǎng)。

4.2004年，糧食人均占有量為362公斤，豬牛羊肉、牛奶和水產(chǎn)品人均占有量分別為44.6公斤、17.4公斤和37.8公斤，已超過(guò)世界平均水平。

5.水栽法就是在水中栽培植物，植物需要的僅僅是土壤里所含的營(yíng)養(yǎng)和水份，而這些東西不通過(guò)土壤從含水的礫石里也可以獲得。

6.農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力的迅速發(fā)展，意味著以相對(duì)低廉的價(jià)格增加食物的供應(yīng)量。

7.土壤退化已成為全球農(nóng)業(yè)面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一，通常由土壤被侵蝕、化學(xué)耗竭、含水飽和度和溶質(zhì)積累引起。

8.有報(bào)道警告，受糧食、飼料和生物燃料需求擴(kuò)張、能源價(jià)格上漲、土地水資源日益緊缺、以及氣候變化的影響，全球糧食供應(yīng)正面臨著壓力。

9.隨著農(nóng)業(yè)越來(lái)越依賴于市場(chǎng)，當(dāng)市場(chǎng)條件對(duì)農(nóng)民有利時(shí)，新土地的開(kāi)墾和新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用加速了生產(chǎn)。

10.現(xiàn)代速凍法、罐裝、存儲(chǔ)、包裝與銷售方法可避免農(nóng)產(chǎn)品變質(zhì)，使消費(fèi)者不僅在時(shí)令季節(jié)，而且一年四季都能享用時(shí)鮮食品。

答案

1.China is a country with a large population and less arable land. With only seven percent of the world's cultivated land, China has to feed one-fifth of the world's population.

2.Today China leads the world in the outputs of grain, cotton, rapeseed, leaf tobacco, meat, eggs, aquatic products and vegetables.

3.Cold and drought tolerant, the new variety is adaptable to north China.

4.In 2004, the amount of grain per capita was 362 kg; and that of meat (pork, beef and mutton), milk and aquatic products per capita reached 44.6kg, 17.4kg and 37.8kg respectively, exceeding the world's average level.

5.Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants in water. The nutrients and moisture needed by the plants can be obtained through gravel that contains water, just like through soil.

6.A rapid advance in agricultural productivity means increased food supplies at relatively lower prices.

7.Soil degradation emerges as one of the major challenges for global agriculture. It is induced via erosion, chemical depletion, water saturation, and solute accumulation.

8.It is warned that global food supplies are under pressure from expanding demand for food, feed, and biofuels; the rising price of energy; and increasing land and water scarcity; as well as the effects of climate change.

9.As agriculture became more dependent upon markets, the cultivation of new lands and application of new technology accelerated production when market conditions were favorable to farmers.

10.Modern methods of freezing, canning, storing, packaging and marketing farm products avoid spoilage and make it possible for consumers to enjoy perishable foods not only during the growing season but year-round.