2020年商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中級(jí)翻譯復(fù)習(xí)題：（四）

China’s economy

中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)Slower boat from China

“中國(guó)號(hào)”減速

Oct 20th 2008 | GUANGZHOU

From Economist.com

Growth slows in China, as the global economic slump takes its toll

由于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的影響，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩

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PERHAPS it should not be considered surprising. On Monday October 20th China’s National Bureau of Statistics announced that economic growth in the third quarter was 9% year-on-year, heady by American or European standards, but down from 10.1% in the previous three months (which itself was lower than the quarter before that), and the worst overall since early 2003. Consensus predictions had been for a more modest decline amid fading hope that China’s economy was fundamentally “decoupled” from the West. It is now becoming necessary, on a near daily basis, to re-evaluate just how much independence its economy enjoys.考生如果怕自己錯(cuò)過考試報(bào)名時(shí)間和考試時(shí)間的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。

也許這不值得大驚小怪。周一(10月20日)中國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局發(fā)布第三季度經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)：相對(duì)去年同期增長(zhǎng)9%。以歐美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來說，這已經(jīng)非常令人滿意了，但卻比上一季度的10.1%低了不少(上一季度相對(duì)于更前的一個(gè)季度的經(jīng)濟(jì)增速已經(jīng)降低了)。第三季度的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率是中國(guó)自2003年年初以來的最低值。而在此前中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠完全與西方“脫鉤”的希望消失的氛圍中，普遍預(yù)計(jì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速會(huì)有一個(gè)更溫和的下降?，F(xiàn)在依照最近的每日數(shù)據(jù)來重新評(píng)估中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)享有多大的獨(dú)立性顯得非常有必要了。

It is growing harder to say that China is relatively immune from global financial and economic problems. This month alone, two big companies, Smart Union Group, a toymaker, and FerroChina, a steel producer, have gone into liquidation. For the rare company whose closing receives publicity, thousands, if not tens of thousands, shut without a sound. Early this year, southern China suffered from shortages of workers and shoe factories were discouraging orders of boots or any other product that required lots of work and materials. All of that has now reversed. There is a surplus of workers and an absence of orders, with no sign of any recovery.

現(xiàn)在越來越難說中國(guó)是否能相對(duì)地不受全球金融危機(jī)的影響。單是這個(gè)月，兩個(gè)大型公司，玩具制造商合俊集團(tuán)和鋼鐵制造商中國(guó)金屬就已經(jīng)進(jìn)入破產(chǎn)清算程序。除了這些極少數(shù)有公開消息倒閉的公司外，還有成千上萬(wàn)的公司無聲無息地消失了。今年早些時(shí)候，中國(guó)南方遭受了“勞動(dòng)荒”，好多鞋廠無法完成靴子和其它需要眾多勞動(dòng)力和原料的訂單。所有這些情況，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全顛倒過來了：這里擁有過剩的勞動(dòng)力但卻缺乏訂單，而且沒有一點(diǎn)復(fù)蘇的跡象。

One of the most important events in the sales calendar for China is the historic Canton Trade Fair, which brings together a vast number of the country’s manufacturers with swarms of buyers from around the world. The first part of the autumn session ended on October 19th and there was little happy news to report. In a good year hotels will double rates and turn away guests. This time around, rates were high but rooms were abundant. The fair itself was far from empty but the crowds, by usual standards, were thin, with a notable absence of Americans and Europeans, and many complaints about a lack of orders. A year ago sellers demanded escalation clauses in their contracts because of rising commodity prices. This time a buyer from an Oman construction-materials company said that he was receiving a similar benefit from any price decline, and prices, he added, were falling much faster now than they had been rising then.

在中國(guó)貿(mào)易日歷上最重大的事件之一就是久負(fù)盛名的廣交會(huì)。在這里有著全國(guó)各地的制造商和來自世界各地的采購(gòu)商。秋季廣交會(huì)的第一部分已于10月19日結(jié)束，但是幾乎沒有什么值得報(bào)道。在好的年份，廣州的酒店會(huì)雙倍收費(fèi)甚至客滿拒入。但這次，酒店費(fèi)用依然很高但是卻有大量空閑。雖然廣交會(huì)上不至于門庭冷落，但是以通常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，在歐美重要客戶缺席的情況下，人流不算擁擠。許多參展商抱怨訂單太少。而在一年前這些參展商還由于大宗商品價(jià)格的上升而要求提高在訂貨合同里加上價(jià)格自動(dòng)調(diào)整條款。而今年，一位來自阿曼的建筑公司的客戶表示他從價(jià)格下跌中獲利不少，而且他還補(bǔ)充說，價(jià)格下跌的速度要比其之前上升的速度快得多。

China’s slowing cannot, however, be blamed on exports alone. There were warning signs all over the place, says Stephen Green, an economist at Standard Chartered, pointing to investment, consumption (despite a nominal, year-on-year rise in retail sales in September of 23%) and government spending. Sales of cars, clothing, air tickets and property have all fallen; production of steel has declined too. A bit, but only a bit, of this could be attributed to planned shut-downs at the time of the Olympics.

然而中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩不能僅將責(zé)任歸咎于出口問題。渣打銀行的Stephen Green表示，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)到處都出現(xiàn)警報(bào)信號(hào)，諸如投資、消費(fèi)(盡管九月份名義零售額9月份增長(zhǎng)23%)和政府開支。汽車、服裝、機(jī)票和房地產(chǎn)的銷售都在下降，鋼鐵生產(chǎn)量同樣也在下降。這些僅有一小部分原因歸咎于奧運(yùn)的原因而關(guān)閉了一些工廠。

If there is any cause for optimism it is that some of the drag was the result of the government’s own efforts in the past year—a different era, in hindsight—to prevent overheating. In this, there is some hope. China’s financial position is not perfect, as non-performing loans are rising and some city banks are suspected of having problems, but there appears to be substantial room to relax fiscal and monetary policies. Inflation is declining. The big national banks appear to be in good condition, with abundant liquidity because of lending caps that have become increasingly stringent over the past two years. China’s government is in a strong financial position. Savings rates for the Chinese are high.

如果有什么值得樂觀的話，那就是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)放緩部分的原因是由于中國(guó)政府自己去年(現(xiàn)在看來，那是一個(gè)完全不同時(shí)代)努力阻止經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱的結(jié)果?；诖耍F(xiàn)在仍有希望。由于一些不良貸款增加以及一些城市銀行被懷疑存在問題，中國(guó)的金融狀況不是非常完美，但是仍有足夠的空間來放松財(cái)政和貨幣政策。大型國(guó)有銀行看來狀態(tài)非常好，由于在過去兩年里貸款上限已經(jīng)被非常嚴(yán)格地執(zhí)行了，所以他們的流動(dòng)性非常充足。中國(guó)政府的財(cái)政狀況非常好。中國(guó)人民的儲(chǔ)蓄率非常高。

As a result, there is abundant room for more aggressive fiscal policies, continuance—if not expansion—of credit, and domestic growth in consumption. Rumours of the potential government response are widespread. Export-targeted tax rebates that were repealed last year will be resumed. Also in the pipeline is the removal of transaction fees on sales of property. Bigger government spending on water and transport projects is also expected. All this should stimulate demand, if not immediately. Collectively, these actions should mitigate some of the impact of the global downturn, but mitigate is not the same as offset. If the global panic has done nothing else, it has been brilliant at revealing the collective dependency of even the fastest developing economy on the developed world’s prosperity.

因此，中國(guó)積極的財(cái)政政策的實(shí)施，即便不算擴(kuò)張的也是持續(xù)的信貸投放和國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)的增長(zhǎng)仍有非常大的空間。最近，有關(guān)中國(guó)政府可能會(huì)有舉措的傳言四起。去年被廢除的出口指標(biāo)退稅可能會(huì)被恢復(fù)。而且房地產(chǎn)交易契稅也正在被考慮取消。政府還可能增大在用水和交通項(xiàng)目上的開支。這些都會(huì)直接或者間接地刺激需求。這些措施都將減緩世界經(jīng)濟(jì)下降帶來的壓力，但是緩和不等于抵消。不能說全球經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩啥作用也沒有，至少它揭示了世界最快經(jīng)濟(jì)體和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家繁榮興盛的共同關(guān)系。

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