The number of jobs available for graduates is predicted to rise by 10.2%， according to a survey by the Association of Graduate Recruiters. Good news for students – but when you come to apply for your first job after university, are you sure you'll have the relevant skills for the post?
據(jù)“畢業(yè)生招聘協(xié)會(huì)”的調(diào)研預(yù)測(cè)，今年英國(guó)畢業(yè)生的職位會(huì)增加10.2%。這是眾多畢業(yè)生的福音——可是，當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)后的第一份工作時(shí)，你確定自己擁有招聘廣告上列出來(lái)的所有相關(guān)技能么?
Leaving it until you're sitting in front of a blank computer screen trying to write your CV for a graduate job may well be too late to assess the qualities you've got to offer。
如果拖到坐在電腦前開(kāi)始為申請(qǐng)工作整理簡(jiǎn)歷時(shí)候，再去考慮技能問(wèn)題，就太晚啦。
"From day one students should see the start of university as the start of their working life," says Dan Hawes, co-founder of the Graduate Recruitment Bureau. "Think of the skills you need to have when you finish university in three or four years time and then work backwards, so you're hoarding skills each year."
“從第一天開(kāi)始，學(xué)生就該把大學(xué)的開(kāi)始看做職業(yè)生涯的開(kāi)始，”畢業(yè)生招聘局的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)辦人丹·霍斯講道。“想想自己未來(lái)三四年中大學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)需要的技能，然后倒推回來(lái)，這樣每年就都在貯藏技能。”
Gemma Pirnie, founder of Your New Crew, says: "When I left university I was completely unprepared for what the grad market would throw at me. I thought having a 2:1 from a good university and having a bit of (irrelevant) work experience would see me land a job no problem – not the case."
“為您招聘”公司的創(chuàng)始人杰瑪·皮爾納講道：“當(dāng)年我離開(kāi)大學(xué)的時(shí)候，對(duì)于接下來(lái)要面對(duì)的畢業(yè)生市場(chǎng)，沒(méi)有任何概念。我以為能以過(guò)半的成績(jī)從一個(gè)好大學(xué)畢業(yè)，有些(不相關(guān)的)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，就能毫無(wú)懸念地找到工作——其實(shí)不然。”
Obviously the skills you need will depend on the job you apply for, but there are some things that graduate recruiters are looking for that you can start thinking about now。
顯然，你會(huì)用到的技能由所申請(qǐng)的工作決定，但是，招聘人員想要應(yīng)聘者擁有的有些技能，你現(xiàn)在就可以開(kāi)始考慮了。
Business sense
商業(yè)理念
"Candidates who start their own societies, organise their university ball or start their own T-shirt-making business while at uni tend to have a good grasp of how a business makes money," says Cary Curtis, managing director of Give-a-grad-a-go。“
應(yīng)聘者中，凡是大學(xué)期間自己開(kāi)過(guò)社團(tuán)，組織過(guò)舞會(huì)或者做過(guò)T恤衫生意的，都會(huì)對(duì)如何做生意賺錢有更多了解，”“創(chuàng)意畢業(yè)生招聘”的管理主任卡里·柯蒂斯講道。
An understanding of business is one of the main skills that students underestimate, according to a 2013 Guardian survey. Less than 10% of students thought it was a vital skill, compared to nearly 50% of employers。
據(jù)2013年《衛(wèi)報(bào)》調(diào)研報(bào)道，商業(yè)理念是常被學(xué)生低估的技能之一。不到10%的學(xué)生認(rèn)為這是項(xiàng)重要的技能，而招聘者中認(rèn)為如此的有50%。
"You don't need to be the next Mark Zuckerberg," says Curtis, "but having a good idea of how a business runs and the challenges involved are really useful skills to take into a company."
“你不必成為下一個(gè)馬克·扎克伯格，” 柯蒂斯講道，“但是知道怎樣經(jīng)營(yíng)一個(gè)生意，了解其中的挑戰(zhàn)，對(duì)公司而言是非常有用的。”
Get global
全球化理念
"More and more employers are wanting graduates to have a 'global mindset', which means understanding different cultures and how industries work across borders," says Stephen Isherwood, chief executive of the Association of Graduate Recruiters。
“越來(lái)越多的雇主希望畢業(yè)生有‘全球化的理念’——了解不同的文化，以及工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)如何跨國(guó)運(yùn)作，” “畢業(yè)生招聘協(xié)會(huì)”的首席執(zhí)行官斯蒂芬·伊舍伍德講道。
Isherwood recommends that students make the most of time at uni to meet people from around the world, consider study abroad schemes like Erasmus, and says that speaking another language shows that a grad has a "better cultural understanding"。
伊舍伍德建議學(xué)生們多花時(shí)間和來(lái)自世界各地的人交流，考慮伊拉斯莫國(guó)外交流學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目，會(huì)從中受益很多。伊舍伍德也講道，會(huì)講一門外語(yǔ)也體現(xiàn)出畢業(yè)生有“更好的文化理解能力”。(小編注：“Erasmus Mundus” 項(xiàng)目是歐洲在高等教育領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)合作性學(xué)生交流項(xiàng)目。)
A language
會(huì)講一門外語(yǔ)
"If you speak another language then make sure it's clearly displayed on your CV," says Curtis. "We really like bilingual candidates as they usually interview really well. But quite often their CV doesn't do them justice. 'Business fluent French' looks much better than just 'French A-level at grade A' as it offers a company more."
“如果你會(huì)講外語(yǔ)，記得在簡(jiǎn)歷上清楚地標(biāo)明，” 柯蒂斯講道，“我們真的很喜歡會(huì)雙語(yǔ)的應(yīng)聘者，因?yàn)樗麄兺ǔＣ嬖嚤憩F(xiàn)都很棒。但是很多時(shí)候他們的簡(jiǎn)歷都沒(méi)有為他們爭(zhēng)取到機(jī)會(huì)。‘流利的商務(wù)法語(yǔ)’看起來(lái)比只是‘法語(yǔ)初級(jí)考試A等’更有吸引力，因?yàn)檫@能給公司帶來(lái)更多。”
Be careful though. "If you haven't had much practice with your languages make sure you scrub up before sending out a CV that implies you can hold your own。
"但是要特別注意。“如果你沒(méi)有怎樣練習(xí)過(guò)這門語(yǔ)言，確保在你發(fā)出簡(jiǎn)歷之前把這項(xiàng)你還需加強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言技能去掉。”
A squeaky clean digital footprint
完美的個(gè)人網(wǎng)絡(luò)檔案
"Start building a digital footprint of relevance to what you want to do," says Smith. "Employers, just like everyone else, will look on the internet as a first port of call."
“把你計(jì)劃做的事情在網(wǎng)上記錄下來(lái)，”史密斯講道。“雇主和其他人一樣，考核你的時(shí)候會(huì)先去網(wǎng)站上搜集信息。”
That might mean setting up a LinkedIn profile, starting your own blog or website, joining Twitter, and generally making sure you're careful about what goes online connected to you。
你可以在“領(lǐng)英”網(wǎng)站建立自己的檔案，開(kāi)通個(gè)人博客或網(wǎng)站，加入推特，同時(shí)要大致注意網(wǎng)上可查的和你相關(guān)的信息。
Chris Smith, chief executive of Opinio Group recruiters, says: "If the only thing employers can find is you with traffic cones on your head on Facebook then you're in trouble."
“觀點(diǎn)群體”招聘方的首席執(zhí)行官克里斯·史密斯講道：“如果雇主在網(wǎng)上能找到的唯一關(guān)于你的信息，是你臉譜網(wǎng)上頭戴交通錐標(biāo)的搞怪照片，那么你完了。”
Office etiquette
辦公室禮儀
Knowing how to fit into an office will come in handy for many graduate jobs, so it's a good idea to look for opportunities to spend time in one while you're still a student。
知道怎樣融入辦公室環(huán)境對(duì)畢業(yè)生找工作很有用。所以當(dāng)學(xué)生的時(shí)候，找機(jī)會(huì)去辦公室體驗(yàn)下，是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意。
Hawes says: "What some graduates might not have is the office know-how, maybe they've never worked in an office before so everything's new, whether it's answering the phone or the way you dress or address people, the things like that – office etiquette."
霍斯說(shuō)道：“很多畢業(yè)生可能不知道在辦公室應(yīng)該怎樣做事，也許他們從沒(méi)在這樣的環(huán)境工作過(guò)，所以一切都是陌生的，無(wú)論是接電話、穿著還是稱呼別人都屬于辦公室禮儀。
How to make a good cuppa
怎樣泡杯好茶
Sam Espensen, managing director of Conversation Creation, says: "One of the skills that has stood me in great stead is making great tea and coffee. I once had a grad refuse to make my team drinks because it 'suggested he was below the rest of us' – needless to say he didn't last long。
“創(chuàng)造對(duì)話”的管理主任山姆 ·埃斯佩森講道：“我在辦公室站穩(wěn)腳跟的技能之一就是會(huì)準(zhǔn)備很棒的茶和咖啡。曾經(jīng)有畢業(yè)生拒絕給我的團(tuán)隊(duì)準(zhǔn)備飲品，因?yàn)樗约赫J(rèn)為這樣顯得低人一等——毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他當(dāng)然沒(méi)能在辦公室呆太久。”
"We all make tea in my team and the person who brings me a cup of tea unprompted is likely to be my hero for the day."
“我們團(tuán)隊(duì)的成員都會(huì)泡茶，而那個(gè)自發(fā)幫我端上一杯茶的人，就是我那天的福星。”
Sussing out the culture of a workplace (whether they all make tea for each other, for example) is really important when you come to look for work。
當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備參加工作時(shí)，留心辦公室的文化(比如他們是否會(huì)幫別人泡茶)是非常重要的。
Good with computers
擅長(zhǎng)電腦
"Hard skills in programming and software development for us are really valuable," says Hawes. Curtis adds that being highly numerate and having good analytical skills is increasingly important。
“編程和軟件開(kāi)發(fā)的硬性技能是我們很看重的，” 霍斯講道�？碌偎寡a(bǔ)充講道，優(yōu)秀的計(jì)算和分析能力正日益變得重要起來(lái)。
But even if you're not applying for a job in a tech company, being digitally savvy is still really important。
即使你不是申請(qǐng)科技公司的職位，精通數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品仍是非常重要的。
"All employers expect graduates to be computer literate," says Isherwood. "Generally just being aware of the digital age is important. That doesn't mean having programming skills, but understanding that instant messaging and conference calls are common in the business world and having basic IT skills like working with spreadsheets and documents."
“所有的雇主都期望畢業(yè)生精通電腦，” 伊舍伍德講道。“總的來(lái)講，重要的是認(rèn)識(shí)到現(xiàn)在是數(shù)碼時(shí)代。這并不意味著要會(huì)編程，但是知道即時(shí)通訊和電話會(huì)議是商業(yè)中很常見(jiàn)的，要會(huì)使用諸如電子表格和文檔等基本的電腦操作技能 。
Teamwork
團(tuán)隊(duì)合作
If you've been thinking of joining a uni sports team but haven't quite found the motivation, here's another reason to join: it could help you get a job. Smith says: "What shows better that someone can be part of a team than the fact they've spent the past two years playing for a team。
"如果你在考慮加入學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)卻還沒(méi)找到動(dòng)力，這就是個(gè)理由：它可以幫你找到工作。史密斯講道：“至于證實(shí)個(gè)人的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神，還有什么比過(guò)去兩年在團(tuán)隊(duì)里打比賽這一事實(shí)更有說(shuō)服力呢。”
Being able to work with other people is a key skill employers are looking for and you'll need to prove it's something you have had experience of beyond your course。
能和他人很好地合作是雇主們尋找的重要技能之一，你要能證明自己課外有過(guò)這方面的經(jīng)歷。
"When talking about teamwork don't use university examples," says Isherwood. "At uni the teams are chosen for you, so it's much more impressive to speak about sport or involvement with a society."
“講道團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的時(shí)候，不要用學(xué)校里的例子，” 伊舍伍德講道。“在學(xué)校，團(tuán)隊(duì)是為你選好的，所以講講在運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)或者社會(huì)活動(dòng)中的例子，會(huì)給人留下更深的印象。”
Talking to people
與人交流
Getting confident talking to people is useful for building up your contacts. Pirnie says: "Attend industry meet ups. This will help you both with articulating your interests and with interview techniques as you'll quickly become comfortable talking to new people。
"能夠自信地和別人交流對(duì)于建立關(guān)系網(wǎng)是很有用的。皮爾尼講道：“參加工業(yè)界的聚會(huì)。這會(huì)幫你更清晰地表達(dá)自己的興趣，與此同時(shí)能夠自在地和陌生人交談也是很有用的面試技能。
Smith recommends going to exhibitions and conventions in your chosen field. He says: "There are small business conventions going on all over the country. Go to them, meet people, ask some questions. And if you're not sure yet quite what you want to do, all the more reason to get out there and investigate."
史密斯推薦大家去參加自己所在領(lǐng)域的展覽和會(huì)議。他講道：“全國(guó)各地都有小型的商業(yè)會(huì)議。去參加這類會(huì)議，結(jié)識(shí)陌生人，問(wèn)些問(wèn)題。如果你還不太確定自己想做什么，就更有理由參與其中去發(fā)現(xiàn)啦。”
Positive attitude
積極的態(tài)度
If you're still at uni, it's worth thinking about how you can build up all these skills. But if you're in your final year and haven't ticked them all, don't worry. "Employers often say that they hire for attitude and train for skill," says Hawes. So whatever experience you've got to your name, a positive attitude is still the most important thing you can bring to your first job。
如果你還在大學(xué)，很值得好好考慮下自己可以怎樣培養(yǎng)這些技能。但如果你已經(jīng)是大四最后一年卻還沒(méi)掌握全部技能， 也不要擔(dān)心。“雇主們總會(huì)講他們會(huì)選擇態(tài)度，然后培養(yǎng)技能，” 霍斯講道。所以，無(wú)論你有什么技能，積極的態(tài)度仍是決定你第一份工作的最重要因素。
A few more things to consider
你還可以考慮這些
• A driving licence:
• 駕照：
"A driving licence certainly isn't the prerequisite that it used to be," says Curtis, but if you haven't yet learnt to drive it's still worth trying before you leave uni. Smith says: "It can be important. Also, it speaks volumes if you can't drive. The first thing I think is – why not? It hints at laziness."
“駕照當(dāng)然不會(huì)是雇傭新人的前提了，” 柯蒂斯講道，但是如果你還沒(méi)學(xué)過(guò)開(kāi)車，有必要在離開(kāi)大學(xué)之前開(kāi)始這一計(jì)劃了。史密斯講道：“這點(diǎn)也可以變得重要。而且，如果你不會(huì)開(kāi)車，其實(shí)可以體現(xiàn)一點(diǎn)。首先我想到的是——為什么不會(huì)呢?這暗示你很懶呢。”
• You can pick up skills in unlikely places:
• 你會(huì)在自己想都想不到的地方學(xué)到技能：
Espensen's father ran a cottage industry making model planes, and when she was a student she "reluctantly" helped out, packing the kits and posting them out. At the time she had no idea that the knowledge she built up would come in handy – but she ended up working doing the PR for the Bomber Command Memorial and realised how useful it was。
埃斯佩森的爸爸管理著制作飛機(jī)模型的家庭手工業(yè)。當(dāng)她還是學(xué)生的時(shí)候，她很“勉強(qiáng)地”幫忙，打包裝備，再郵寄出去。當(dāng)時(shí)，她完全不知道自己無(wú)覺(jué)中學(xué)到的東西有天會(huì)如此有用——但她最終在轟炸機(jī)司令部紀(jì)念館做公關(guān)工作，之后開(kāi)始意識(shí)到自己當(dāng)初學(xué)到的東西多么有用。
Things you get involved with at university and in your own time might not seem directly linked to what you want to do in the future, but you never know when those skills might come in handy。
大學(xué)期間，你在課余時(shí)間做的一些事情，也許看似并不和未來(lái)的目標(biāo)直接相關(guān)，但你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道這些技能將帶給你什么。
