2019翻譯資格考試catti二級口譯試題四

漢譯英

中國會接受生態(tài)旅游嗎?

玉石村位于中國西南云南省藍(lán)坪自治鄉(xiāng)內(nèi)。這里的村民都是普米族，盡管許多當(dāng)?shù)厝撕喎Q自己是“土著人”。

玉石人對自己的文化傳統(tǒng)引以為豪，他們重視對當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的保護(hù)。這里百分之九十以上的面積為森林覆蓋，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆钪绻麄兣c公路網(wǎng)聯(lián)通，他們的森林就可能遭到砍伐，而他們脆弱的文化就可能會在強(qiáng)大的外界影響下受到威脅3。多年來，他們選擇與世隔絕，希望建立起強(qiáng)大、健康的社區(qū)后再對外開放。

政府的支持對于建立強(qiáng)大的社區(qū)是至關(guān)重要的，然而玉石村一直沒有政府工程和扶貧工作。一些村民曾試圖建立一些可持續(xù)發(fā)展項目。，但都失敗了。目前，最大的希望是農(nóng)村信用合作社7的小額貸款項目。然而，農(nóng)民們申請2000元(US $253)人民幣的貸款，得提前扣除400元(US$ 51)的利息，而他們得到的只有1600元(US $202)。為了償還貸款，他們就得每月付180元(US$ 23)，付12個月。村民們認(rèn)為貸款對他們的創(chuàng)業(yè)于事無補。

一些村民認(rèn)為種植收益可觀的藥草和長期小額貸款相結(jié)合是解決經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的途徑。他們盤算著籌措40萬元(US $50，602)資金將使村子在五年后在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面自給自足。但是或許還有另一條出路，即：生態(tài)旅游。

然而，村子并不具備游客期望的設(shè)施條件，如干凈的盥洗室、洗衣設(shè)備與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。旅游老師曾考察過這里，對當(dāng)?shù)鬲毺氐奈幕铜h(huán)境留下了深刻的印象。但是，如果玉石村想從生態(tài)旅游中獲益，那么村子和村民們必須做出改變，來滿足當(dāng)今游客苛刻的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

旅游是一種可以增加原料附加值的科技，取一只普通的雞，用當(dāng)?shù)氐姆椒ㄅ胫?，擺在饑餓的游客面前，就會看到其價值大幅上升。同樣，玉石綿延的山脈，先前曾是運輸和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的障礙，如果村民們能夠吸引來游客，就會價值連城。

在云南，有許多地方都在增加收入的同時，尋求保護(hù)環(huán)境和傳統(tǒng)文化的途徑，而這幾乎總是意味著生態(tài)旅游是唯一的選擇。但如果村子的條件得不到改善，許多游客就不會來，因為多數(shù)中國城市居民對鄉(xiāng)村生活近乎恐懼。骯臟雜亂、蚊子肆虐、簡陋的廁所以及不明的價格意味著許多理想的生態(tài)旅游區(qū)域無法吸引游客。

云南首家官方認(rèn)可的有機(jī)農(nóng)場"位于首府昆明遠(yuǎn)郊。幾年來，農(nóng)場一直處于虧損狀態(tài)，因為消費者無法把他們的產(chǎn)品和那些使用化肥和栽培轉(zhuǎn)基因作物農(nóng)場的產(chǎn)品區(qū)分開來。同樣，游客很少考慮他們目的地的質(zhì)量，他們只想要交通便利、風(fēng)景美麗的地方。對于許多人來說，旅游不過是觀光而已，它并不能大幅度改善生活質(zhì)量。

絕大多數(shù)中國人對觀賞自然不感興趣，更不要說花錢來觀賞自然。有些人是迫于參加政府資助的研究，但當(dāng)項目經(jīng)費用完，很少人還會繼續(xù)下去。享受未經(jīng)開發(fā)的環(huán)境，對中國人來說并不是天經(jīng)地義的事。我們喜歡看有關(guān)自然的畫，而不是大自然本身，喜歡一尊木雕佛像，而不是走進(jìn)樹木生長的森林;讓我們的孩子呆在教室里接受有關(guān)荒野的教育，而不是帶他們?nèi)ビH身體驗自然。

游客的這種態(tài)度是中國生態(tài)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展異常緩慢的原因。消費者不愿過于接近自然，所以旅游業(yè)忽視了像玉石村這樣的地區(qū)。由于很少中國人愿意欣賞玉石村的美，人們通常寄希望于出手闊綽的外國游客，但是這一希望也很渺茫。有鑒賞能力的外國游客人數(shù)也在下降，而只想放縱一下自己的游客卻在增加。到國外學(xué)習(xí)、分享經(jīng)歷的游客正在被那些縱情消費、心胸狹窄的游客所取代。

游客青睞輕輕松松的假日，中國的生態(tài)旅游因此遭受重創(chuàng)。四川王朗自然保護(hù)區(qū)是大熊貓的庇護(hù)所。自1996年以來，北京大學(xué)教授、熊貓老師呂植一直在推動該地區(qū)的生態(tài)旅游。但是由于缺少吸引眼球的景色，要看到大熊貓必須呆在戶外，使得王朗沒能得到應(yīng)有的游客。26云南大概也是同樣的情況。

因此，在抱怨生態(tài)旅游運營者沒能吸引游客的時候，我們也許應(yīng)該花點時間想想游客本身，因為如果游客不愿成為生態(tài)旅游者，那么再多的精心籌劃和良好意愿都是徒勞的。

詞匯

1.普米族Pumi ethnic group

2.文化傳統(tǒng)cultural traditions

3.公路網(wǎng)road network

4.與世隔絕的isolated

5.社區(qū)community

6.扶貧工作poverty alleviation work

7.提前扣除deducted in advance

8.藥草medicinal crops

9.自給自足self-sustaining

10.苛刻的demanding standards

ll.原材料raw materials

12.轉(zhuǎn)基因作物genetically-modified plants

13.政府資助的government-funded

14.天經(jīng)地義地naturally

15.吸引眼球的dramatic

注釋

1.此處“接受”意為“欣然接受”，包含對新事物、新觀點等的渴望之情，可用embrace表示。再如：我們希望這些地區(qū)能夠接受民主改革。We hope these regions will embrace democratic reforms.大多數(shù)西歐國家已經(jīng)熱情地接受了高速鐵道網(wǎng)絡(luò)的觀念。Most West European countries have embraced the concept of high-speed rail networks with enthusiasm.

2。本句中“自治鄉(xiāng)”可譯作autonomous township，其它類似的表達(dá)還有“自治區(qū)”：autonomous region;“自治縣”：autonomous county;“自治州”：autonomous prefecture。

3.本句中“在強(qiáng)大的外界影響下”，可譯作：under the strain of powerful external influences，“受到威脅”譯為threaten。

4.本句中包含兩個動詞詞組，即“選擇”、“希望”，但是他們并不表示同樣性質(zhì)的動作，在意義上有主次之分，“選擇”一詞在句中表示主要意義，譯作謂語動詞，“希望”則是“選擇……”的目的，表示次要意義，所以應(yīng)譯作分詞短語，表示目的狀語。此外，本句中“……之后”，可用連詞before來譯。再如：幾分鐘之后，我們才意識到發(fā)生的一切。

It was several minutes before we realized what was happening.過一會兒，我們才能知道結(jié)果。It will be a while before we know the results.

5.“至關(guān)重要”一詞可譯作：vital。

6.“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”通常譯為sustainable development。

7.“農(nóng)村信用合作社”，可譯作rural credit cooperative。

8.本句中“于事無補”，根據(jù)語境可譯作of little use。

9.本句中“收益可觀的”，可用英語的形容詞profitable來譯，它在不同的語境中表示不同的意義。試比較：

“非常有利可圖的生意”：a highly profitable business;廣告活動效果非常好：The advertising campaign proved very profitable.

10.本句中“解決”一詞，可根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，使用詞類轉(zhuǎn)換技巧，將動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，譯作the solution to problems為妥。再如：

政治解決北愛沖突：a political solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland;

妥善解決我們所有的問題：the perfect solution to all of our problems。

ll.本句中“籌措資金”可譯作raise fund，再如：他們正在籌措資金來幫助那些需要的年輕人。They are raising funds to help needy youngsters. -場為籌集資金而舉辦的音樂會：a concert to raise money for charity.

12.“在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，可使用詞類轉(zhuǎn)換技巧，將漢語名詞轉(zhuǎn)為英語形容詞。再如：在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國家，女性結(jié)婚要晚一些。In economically advanced countries，

women marry later.從經(jīng)濟(jì)上講，資本主義改變了社會。Economically，capitalism has

transformed societies.另外，本句中“自給自足”可譯作self-sustaining。

13.本句中“另一條出路”可以譯作an alternative，再如：

現(xiàn)行體制有沒有一個可行的選擇?Is there a viable alternative to the present system?我別無

選擇，只能將他報送警方。I had no altemative but to report him to the police.

14.”獨特的”，可以譯作英語形容詞unique，再如：

每個人的指紋是獨特的。Each person's fngerprints are unique.

15.本句中“價值大幅上升”，可譯作rocket，來增加語言的形象性。再如：利率大幅上升： Interest rates rocketed up.

16.本句的主要意義是，玉石綿延的山脈會價值連城，而不是曾被視為運輸和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的障礙。因此本句在翻譯時，要根據(jù)英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)，將主要意義用謂語動詞表現(xiàn)出來，次要意義使用非限定性定語從句和狀語從句，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

17.“有機(jī)農(nóng)場”通常譯作organic farm。再如：有機(jī)食物/蔬菜/牛奶等：organic food/vegetables/milk etc.

18.本句中“虧損狀態(tài)”，根據(jù)語境可以譯作：make a loss。再如：這家公司去年虧損25萬美元。The company made a loss of$250,000 last year.

19.“把……區(qū)別開來”，一詞可譯作differentiate from，再如：有時要把樣品區(qū)分開來是很困難的。It's sometimes hard to differentiate one sample from another.男外本句中表達(dá)的比較概念是產(chǎn)品之間的差異，應(yīng)注意介詞from前后的對稱性和代詞those的使用，這樣使語言結(jié)構(gòu)更為緊湊。

20.本句中“絕大多數(shù)”，可以使用詞組the vast majority of來翻譯。再如：在絕大多數(shù)病例中，這種疾病是致命的。In the vast majority of cases the disease is fatal.

21.本句使用了三個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，形成排比，很有氣勢，生動地表達(dá)了作者的情感，翻譯成英語時可以使用英語的prefer to_ rather than的句型，保留原句的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，本句中“親身體驗”指親自學(xué)習(xí)到或得到的體驗，因而可譯作experience it first-hand。再如：在戰(zhàn)區(qū)工作有親身體驗的記者們。Journalists with first-hand experience of working in war zones.

22.“……的原因”，表達(dá)了變化、事件、問題的原因，可以根據(jù)語境譯作be responsible for。再如：洪水是造成一百多人死亡的原因。The floods were responsible for over a hundred deaths.

23. “出手闊綽的”可譯作high-spending。

24. 本句包括幾個定語，可以根據(jù)英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的特點，分別處理為前置定語和定語從句，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

25.本句中“輕輕松松的假日”宜處理為英語的后置定語，使用定語從句譯出。

26.本句中“缺乏吸引眼球的景色，要看大熊貓必須呆在戶外”可以根據(jù)英語多使用抽象名詞使信息高度濃縮的特點，用抽象名詞the lack和the need翻譯“缺乏”和“必須”，否則動詞太多，會使句子結(jié)構(gòu)會顯得松散、拖沓。

參考譯文

Can China Embrace Ecotourism?

The village of Yushi is in the autonomous township of Lanping, in the southwestern Chinese province of Yunnan. The villagers all belong to the Pumi ethnic group, although many locals simply refer to them as "natives".

Yushi people are proud of their cultural traditions, and emphasize the protection of the local environment, over 90% of which is covered by forest. The residents know that if they were connected to the road network, their forests could be felled and their fragile culture could be threatened under the strain of powerful external influences. For many years they have chosen to remain isolated, hoping to build a strong and healthy community before opening to the outside world.

Government support is vital in building a strong community, but Yushi has seen no official projects or poverty alleviation work. Some of the villagers tried to set up sustainable development programs, but to no effect. Currently, the best hope is the rural credit cooperative's micro-credit scheme. However, if the villagers apply for a loan of 2000 yuan (US $253), 400 yuan(US $ 51) in interest is deducted in advance and they receive only 1600 yuan ( US $202). To repay the loan they then need to make twelve monthly payments of 180 yuan (US $ 23) . Villagers regard the loans as of little use in starting their own businesses.

Some in the village advocate a combination of planting profitable medicinal crops and long-term micro-credit loans as the solution to the village's financial problems, and calculate that raising funds of 400, 000 yuan ( US $ 50, 602 ) would allow the village to become economically self-sustaining in five years. But there could be an alternative: ecotourism.

However, the village does not yet have the facilities that tourists expect, such as clean toilets, washing facilities or internet access. Tourism experts have visited and were impressed by the unique local culture and environment. But if Yushi wants to benefit from ecotourism, then the village and its households must change to meet the demanding standards of today's tourists.

Tourism is a kind of technology that adds value to raw materials. Take a regular chicken, cook it in the local style and put it in front of a hungry tourist — and watch its value rocket. Similarly, Yushi's mountains, which were previously seen as barriers to transport and thus economic development, would become priceless if the villagers could attract the ecotourists.

Many places in Yunnan are looking for ways to protect the environment and traditional culture while also raising income - and that almost always means eco-tourism is the only option. But if conditions in the villages are not improved, many tourists will simply not come, since most city-dwelling Chinese attitudes to rural living border on outright fear. A lack of cleanliness and orderliness, mosquitoes, dubious toilets and unclear pricing mean that many areas ideal for eco-tourism cannot attract visitors.

Yunnan's first officially-recognized organic farm lies on the outskirts of the provincial capital Kunming. It has been making a loss for years, since consumers fail to differentiate its products from those of farms which use chemicals and genetically-modified plants. Similarly, tourists rarely consider the quality of their destinations; they simply look for ease of access and impressive scenery. For many, tourism is simply sightseeing - it's not about improving your life in any meaningful way.

The vast majority of Chinese people are not interested in watching nature, much less in paying for the privilege of doing so. Some are forced to in the course of government-funded research, but when the funding dries up very few continue. Enjoyment of the untamed environment is not something that comes naturally to Chinese people. We prefer to look at paintings of nature, rather than nature itself; to appreciate a wooden carving of the Buddha rather than the forest the wood grew in; and to let our children be educated about the wild in the classroom, rather than take them to experience it first-hand.

This attitude among tourists is responsible for the unusually slow growth of China's eco-tourism sector. Faced with consumers unwilling to get too close to nature, the tourist industry ignores areas like Yushi. Since only a tiny minority of Chinese people is willing to appreciate the beauty of Yushi, people often turn to high-spending foreign tourists - but this is also a hope too far. Discerning foreign tourists are also on the decline, while the number of tourists who travel simply to indulge themselves is increasing. Travelers who go abroad to learn and share experiences are being replaced by narrow-minded tourists who are only interested in consumption. Tourists are choosing the holiday that involves the least effort, and China's ecotourism sector is suffering as a result. Sichuan's Wanglang Nature Reserve is a haven for giant pandas. Since1996, Peking University professor and panda expert, Lu Zhi, has been promoting ecotourism to the area. But the lack of dramatic scenery and the need to spend time outdoors in order to see the pandas mean that Wanglang still lacks the number of visitors it deserves. The same could be the case in Yunnan. So when we complain about ecotourism operators failing to attract visitors, perhaps we should take some time to consider the visitors themselves - because if a tourist is unwilling to become an ecotourist, then any amount of careful planning and good intentions will be wasted.

練習(xí)

l. 環(huán)保組織通常堅持認(rèn)為，生態(tài)旅游基于自然、可持續(xù)經(jīng)營、支持資源保護(hù)，且具有環(huán)保教育意義。

2. 通常而言，生態(tài)旅游注重的是志愿活動、個人發(fā)展和學(xué)習(xí)地球上新的生存方式;典型的生態(tài)旅游是去那些主要以動植物群和文化遺產(chǎn)吸引游客的地方。

3. 我們應(yīng)該主動采取更多的措施，提高他們的意識，引導(dǎo)他們關(guān)注環(huán)境問題、同時關(guān)心他們游覽哪些地方。

4. 生態(tài)旅游是中國西部和其他欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)發(fā)展的一個至關(guān)重要的領(lǐng)域。

5. 旅游業(yè)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，對保護(hù)生物的多樣性保護(hù)既提供了機(jī)遇，也造成了威脅。

6. 在旅游規(guī)劃中，應(yīng)該把生態(tài)旅游對當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳罘绞胶臀幕a(chǎn)生的影響考慮進(jìn)去。

7. 人類活動的增加，如伐木、農(nóng)業(yè)開荒、狩獵，正在使保護(hù)地以及其周圍的土地不斷退化。

8. 生態(tài)旅游是高度以消費者為中心的活動，而且環(huán)境保護(hù)只是經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的一種手段，這些常常為人們所忽視。

9. 除了旅游基礎(chǔ)設(shè)造成環(huán)境破壞外，生態(tài)旅游帶來的人口壓力，也帶來了與西方生活方式相關(guān)的垃圾和污染問題。

10. 隨著地球的自然、相對未改變的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)日益稀少，生態(tài)旅游使人們看到與世隔絕的野生生物群，同時讓當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)受益。

答案

1. Environmental organizations have generally insisted that ecotourism is nature-based, sustainably managed, conservation supporting, and environmentally educated.

2. Generally speaking, ecotourism focuses on volunteering, personal growth, and learning new ways to live on the planet; typically involving travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions.

3. More initiatives should be carried out to improve their awareness, and sensitize them to environmental issues and where they visit.

4. Ecotourism is a crucial sector for the development in China's west and other underdeveloped regions.

5. The fast rate at which tourism continues to grow presents both opportunities and threats for biodiversity conservation.

6. The impact of ecotourism on local people's lifestyle and culture should be taken into account in tourism planning.

7. Increased human activities, such as logging, clearing land for agriculture, hunting, are degrading both protected areas and the land surrounding them.

8. It is often overlooked that ecotourism is a highly consumer-centered activity, and that environmental conservation is only a means to further economic growth.

9. Aside from environmental degradation with tourist infrastructure, population pressures from ecotourism also leaves behind garbage and pollution associated with the Western lifestyle.

10. As the planet's natural, relatively unaltered ecosystems become increasingly rare, ecotourism allows more people to see our isolated populations of wildlife, while benefiting local economies.